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57 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Protists
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Eukaryotic Diverse Unicellular,colonial & multicellular Sexual& asexual reproduction¢Classifiedby nutrition: Autotrophic (Algae) or Heterotrophic (Protozoans andSlime Molds)
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Archaeplastids
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Thisgroup includes land plants and other photosynthetic organisms, such as greenand red algae, that have organelles derived from endosymbiotic cyanobacteriaack_1430456867120815
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GreenAlgae:
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Majority are unicellular, but some are multicellular Live in variety of moist environments (oceans, freshwater, treebark…)
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Multicellular greenalgae
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- ancestors to plant kingdom >
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-Chlamydomonas
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– -Unicellular 2 Flagella – front end, breaststroke
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Genus Volvox
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– ¢Colonial green algae w/ 500 to 60,000 indiv. cells 9`!I!
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Flagella -
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produce directional movement
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¢Daughtercolonies
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will leave to form new colonies
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Vegetativecells
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don’t reproduce
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True divisionof labor
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Not all cells reproduce. ***Beginning of cell specialization
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Ulva
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Multicellular green algae – sea lettuce ¢marine 2 cells thick Up to 1 meter long
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Spirogyra –
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filamentous green algae Ribbonlike, spiralled chloroplasts ¢Asexual & sexual reproduction
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Conjugation tube -
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DNA transfer between cells
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Diploid Zygote –
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product of fertilization
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TheRed Algae
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Most - multicellular-Foundshallow and deep waters-Grow inwarm seawater - Economically importantcom
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agar:
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gel capsules, dental impressions, cosmetics, media for bacteria, foods (jellies & desserts)
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Chromalveolates
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Made oftwo large subgroups1.) Stramenopiles- haveflagella (or descended from organisms that had flagella) -Brown Algae -Diatoms -Water Molds2.) Alveolates-Unicellular protist that habe alveoli (small sacs) just below their cell membrane. -Dinoflagellates -Ciliates
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BrownAlgae
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¢Marine, multicellular ¢“seaweed”or “kelp”
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Kelp
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responsible for most of the food production through photosynthesis. (up to 100m)
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holdfasts -
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grasping portion - attach themselves to rocks. Blade
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“Airbladders” -
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give buoyancy
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Genus Sargassum –
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sometimes break off from holdfasts & form floating masses Float due to airbladders
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The Diatoms
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¢Autotrophic¢Uniquedouble shells made of silica - fit togetether likea ”hat box” or petri dish
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diatomaceous earth” .
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(remains) on ocean floor used as an abrasive (silver & toothpaste) Filtering agents & soundproofing s
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“Reproduce asexually
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– each offspring gets one old shell, and a new shell grows until it is 30% size of the original – then sexually reproduce
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Water Molds/body>
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¢Most livein waterp
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Parasitesor saprotrophic
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fish, insects, decomposing remains – form furry growths ¢Cellulose cell wall, not chitin like fungus
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Phytophthora infestans
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resp. for potato famine of Ireland in 1840
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Dinoflagellates
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¢photosynthetic¢Containcellulose and silica walls 2flagella, 1 extends out while the other wraps around the organism Symbiontic w/jellyfish, sea anemones, mollusks and corals
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-“red tide”-“
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blooms” -Dinoflagellates undergo abnormal growth. This leads to an increase in toxin levels which kills fish in the environment. Can lead to human poisoning, if consumed
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Ciliates - Paramecium
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Ciliates= unicellular organisms thatmove by cilia
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Pellicle –
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semi-rigid outer covering .
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Trichocysts –
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barbed threads used for defense/capturing prey
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Gullet –
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structure where food enters
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The Sporozoans -
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Nonmotile, spore-forming parasite Spores enter bloodstream of person and they make their way to the liver and reproduce asexuallySpores reenter bloodstream, rupture, releasing toxic substances. 3 million people die of malaria e/ year.
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Apicomplexans- Plasmodiuml
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¢causesmalaria¢ Spreadby mosquitoes (vector)¢InvadesRBC’s¢Chills& fever occur when RBC’s rupture releasing toxins
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Euglenoid
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¢autotrophicor heterotrophic (1/3 have chloroplast)
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Pyrenoid –
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region of chloroplast – produces
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paramylon
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carbohydrate
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¢Pellicle –
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flexible protein - shape
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2 Flagella
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- movement
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Stigma or eyespot -
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base of flagella - light sensitive
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Contractile vacuole –
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rids body of excess water
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Trypanasomes
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African sleeping sickness- Lack of O2 to braincauses lethargy-Tsetseflies - vector
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Giardia lamblia –
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responsible for hiker’s diarrhea
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Amoebozoans
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Contains protozoans that move by pseudopods. They usually live in aquatic environments
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TheAmoebas
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¢Parasitic& free living¢ Nodefinite shape¢Locomotionpseudopods (Greek“false” and “foot”) ¢Feed – phagocytosis –digestion occurs in “food vacuole”¢Ameobic dysentery , causedby amoeba, can be fatal if they infect the brain or liver.
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-Exist asa plasmodium:
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-Plasmodium-mass of “Cell bodies” that are not separated into individual cells -Creepsalong -resembles slime –phagocytizing decayingplant material in forest-Producespores in dry environments, which will germinate when moisture returnsȜT.j7
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Cellular Slime Molds
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Exist asindividual amoeboid cells- Commonin soil-Movesthrough soil or substrate ingesting bacteria and yeasts-Whenconditions are not favorable, they will aggregate and produce spores untilconditions are more favorable.
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Opisthokonts
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Includesanimals and fungi, as well as several closely related protist (bothunicellular and multicellular)i
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Choanoflagellates
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¢Relatedto sponges (greatly resemble the feeding cells of sponges)¢Filterfeeders: whipping their flagellum circulates the water through the collar,where microvilli take in nutrients
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Rhizarians
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Consistof Radiolarians and Foraminifera, protist withfine, threadlike pseudopods. Rhizarians have acalcium-based skeleton called a “test”.
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Radiolarians
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¢Glassysilicon test (skeleton) ¢Manyneedles – like pseudopods
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Foraminifera>l>
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Marine- Tests – calcium carbonate skeleton- Pseudopods - Cytoplasmicprojections extend through openings in the test
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“White Cliffs ofDover” -
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Southern England - rich in foraminiferan deposits.
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Egyptian pyramids –
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foraminiferan limestone
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Testes
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pore-studded shells made of organic materials reinforced with grains of inorganic matter - Cytoplasmic projections called podia emerge through openings of the testes used for swimming, gathering materials for the testes, and feeding - Forams eat a wide variety of small organisms
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