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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Petiole |
stalk that attaches the blade to the stem
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Node |
stalk where leaf attaches |
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stomata |
pores in leaves |
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Parenchyma |
Basic cell type from which all others are derived Designed for storage Least specialized of cell types
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Collenchyma |
Designed for flexible support Cell walls are thickened unevenly, mostly at corners Often forms bundles just beneath epidermis
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Sclerenchyma |
Very thick walls containing lignin Very strong cells Provide rigid support |
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pits |
tracheids, Walls contain pits through which water can move
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vessels |
barrel-shaped Nearly flat ends Larger in diameter than tracheids Flat ends of vessels have grill like structures called perforation plates Vessels considered more evolutionaryily advanced than tracheids Water moves through them more
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tracheids |
Hollow, elongated tubes with sharply tapering end walls Walls contain pits through which water can move Dead at maturity
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Phloem |
sieve tube (in angiosperms) are called sieve tube members Living at maturity companion cell
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companion cell
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Connected to sieve tube member by numerous plasmodesmata
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Where apical meristem is located (growing point)
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Zone of Cell Division
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Zone of Cell Elongation
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Cells in this region are no longer dividing but are pumping water into their central vacuoles
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Zone of Cell Differentiation
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Cellular maturation starts here, about 4-5 cm behind root cap -root hairs
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Protoderm |
Zone of Cell Differentiation to epidermis
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Ground meristem |
Zone of Cell Differentiation to cortex (main parenchyma region)
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Procambium |
Zone of Cell Differentiation to vascular tissues (xylem and phloem)
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Eudicot roots (Ex: Buttercup root) Pericycle |
retains its ability to divide produces branch roots
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Eudicot roots (Ex: Buttercup root) Endodermis |
is an internal “skin” Acts as filter to keep toxic chemicals in the soil water out of the root
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Eudicot roots (Ex: Buttercup root) Cortex |
expands 1% storage tissue for plant |
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Eudicot roots (Ex: Buttercup root) Epidermis |
enlarges to cover entire root |
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Monocot roots (Ex: Greenbriar vine) Maintains parenchyma core
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pith)
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Monocot roots (Ex: Greenbriar vine) Phloem
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wide band |
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Monocot roots (Ex: Greenbriar vine) Xylem |
ring of bundles Completely surrounds xylem bundles
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Monocot roots (Ex: Greenbriar vine) Pericycle |
surrounds core tissues |
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Bulbs |
Fleshy leaves without petioles on strongly shortened stem Ex: onions, tulips, lilies
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Rhizomes |
Horizontal underground stems Ex: Ferns, iris
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Runners |
Horizontal above ground stems Ex: strawberries |
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Tubers |
Swollen underground tip of a stolon “eyes” of a potato are axillary buds at the bases of reduced scale leaves Ex: potato
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Tendrils |
Thin stems that twine around supports Aid in climbing Ex: Grapes, English ivy
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Cladophylls
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Flattened, often fleshy, photosynthetic stems Spines are highly modified leaves Ex: cacti, Christmas cactus |
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Palisade mesophyll
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Below upper epidermis Where most of photosynthesis takes place
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Spongy mesophyll
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Very loosely organized Facilitates gas and water vapor movement within blade of leaf Contains veins (vascular tissue) Xylem always on “top” (upper epidermis side) Phloem always on “bottom” (lower epidermis side) |