Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
hox (homiobox) genes
|
individual genes that control the body plan, the organization of an entire animal
|
|
|
replication
|
copying DNA to make more DNA
|
|
|
transcription
|
copying DNa to make a messenger or RNA copy of DNA; RNA synthesis
|
|
|
mRNA
|
messenger which carries information for protein sequence
|
|
|
rRNA
|
ribosomal RNA, a structural component of the ribosome where proteins are synthesized
|
|
|
tRNA
|
transfer RNA, an adapter between mRNA and protein
|
|
|
translation
|
protein synthesis
|
|
|
aldoses
|
have an aldehyde group at one end...glucose
|
|
|
ketose
|
have a keto group at C2...fructose
|
|
|
glucose and galactose
|
stereoisomers
|
|
|
glycosidic bond
|
monosacchride sugars are linked together via a polymerization reaction, forming a glycosidic bond;
|
|
|
cellulose
|
fiber, also a source of energy, cannot be a digest by humans
|
|
|
starch
|
plant energy storage
|
|
|
glycogen
|
animal energy storage; more highly branched than plant energy storage
|
|
|
fats
|
long chains of hydrogen carbons (few or no hydroxyl groups) and INSOLUBLE in water
|
|
|
acetyl coenzyme A
|
carries acetate during metabolism; ends with sulf hydral group that is linked with acetic acid
|
|
|
chemiosmosis
|
couples the electron transport chain to ATP synthase
|
|
|
proton motive force
|
energy utilized by decay of electrochemical gradient
|
|
|
ATP synthase
|
molecular mill
|
|
|
chemiosomotic theory
|
exergonic electron flow from NADH & FADH2 to O2 is used to pump H+ gradient
|
|
|
fermentation
|
an alternative set of reactions that can follow glycolysis in the absence of oxygen as a final electron acceptor; generates lactic acid or ethanol
|
|
|
leptin
|
hormone secreted by fat cells which influences eating behavior
|
|
|
NADH in electron transport
|
generates 3 ATP
|
|
|
FADH2 in electron transport
|
generates 2 ATP
|
|
|
Regulation
|
negative feedback by ATP, acetyl CoA, and NADH at pyruvate dehydrogenase step
|
|
|
stroma
|
space between inner phospholipid layer and thylakoid; location of synthesis reactions
|
|
|
thylakoid
|
also made up of phospolipid membrane, stacks with spaces in between
|
|
|
decay by resonance energy transfer
|
giving off heat and giving off a photon that is absorbed by a neighboring photopigment
|
|
|
decay by successive electron transfers
|
higher energy electron can be captured by an electron acceptor resulting in a reduced electron acceptor and an oxidized chorophyll
|
