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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
____- programmed cell death
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Apoptosis
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All ____ eventually die (or divide)
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cells
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____ - life cycle of the cell, two choices, cell division or death.
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Cell cycle
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Cell cycle consists of:
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Gap phase 1 "growing up"
Gap phase 0 Synthesis Phase Gap Phase 2 Mitosis |
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____-
Can think of it, similar to washing machine cycle. Can suspend themselves, can kill themselves if something is wrong. |
Cell cycle
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Most of the time the cells sit in ____
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G1 (G0 is part of G1)
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____ - state of suspension in G1, not moving forward in cell cycle, not moving toward mitosis.
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G0
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____ - makes a whole copy of DNA, a 2nd set of chromosomal material.
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S
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____ - synthesis of required macromolecules
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G1
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____ - cells halted, cycle turned off
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G0
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____ - replication of the entire genome
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S
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____ - prep for mitosis
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G2
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____ - separate chromosomes, undergo cytokinesis
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M
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Only move forward to ____ after receiving a signal, external or external.
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S
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Cells commit to division in ____.
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G1
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____ - everything get "divvied up" fairly equally.
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Mitosis
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At ____, not all tissues can regenerate themselves
Ex. Nervous and muscle tissue. |
adult
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____ - sister chromosomes
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Chromatids
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____ - protein on top of centromere
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Kinetechore
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____ - dna at center of chromosomes that is hidden beneath the kinetechore proteins.
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Centromere
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At ____ chromosomes are maximally condensed.
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metaphase
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Two identical chromatids are attached at the ____ by kinetechore proteins.
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centromere
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Only is maximally packed/condensed at ____.
Typically DNA is loose in nucleus and found at predictable location. "condense so it is easy to move" Ex. Suitcase or angel hair pasta. |
metaphase
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____ - gene for gene, all chromosomes checked to make sure its all correct, then repairs are made or apoptosis.
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Metaphase checkpoint
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____ - Are all chromosomes attached to spindle apparatus?
Yes - proceed to anaphase No - halt while repairs are made |
Metaphase checkpoint
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____ - proteins check dna for completion, damage and checks on supplies for next phase.
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G2 checkpoint
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____ - "decision to divide"
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Restriction point
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____ - most important checkpoint, happens in g1 (g0), will cell commit to mitosis?
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Restriction point
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____-
Are conditions favorable for cell division to occur? Yes - g1 cyclin-cdk complex activated needed proteins. No- g1 cyclin-cdk complex is not formed |
Restriction point
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____ binds to CDK and activates it and moves it forward.
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Cyclin
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____ levels go up to mediate events.
CDK levels stay constant, ____ levels change. |
Cyclin
Cyclin |
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G1 cyclin binds to ____ and activates it.
Initiate chemical reactions to move toward S phase. |
CDK
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____ and cyclin dependen kinases (CDKs) mediate events in cycle phases.
Ex. G1 cyclin binds to CDK to pass "restriction point" |
Cyclins
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