Bio 183 Lect 3 (Test 1)

Front 1

Essential feature of a living organism is being able to _____ inside of the cell from the outside.
A key part of this is the ____.

Back 1

compartmentalize
membrane

Front 2

____ - water transporter in the nephron of the kidney

Back 2

Aquaporin

Front 3

Very important that cells control the ____ into and out of them.

Back 3

movement

Front 4

____ - key functional unit of transport etc.

Back 4

Cell membrane

Front 5

Membrane Transport
____ - by itself
____ - required energy
____ - transport of water

Back 5

Passive
Active Transport
Osmosis

Front 6

Important functions of Cellular Membranes-

Back 6

PASAP CCC
Selective uptake and export of ions and molecules
Cell compartmentalization
Protein sorting
Anchoring of the cytoskeleton
Production of energy intermediates such as ATP and NADPH
Cell signaling
Cell and nuclear division
Adhesion of cells to each other and to the extracellular matrix

Front 7

Fluid Mosaic -
____ - it can move

Back 7

Fluid

Front 8

Fluid Mosaic -
____ - it is studded/dotted with things, like a mosaic model.

Back 8

Mosaic

Front 9

The ____ model is used to describe the cell membrane.

Back 9

fluid-mosaic

Front 10

FM
Stuff can move around in the ____.

Back 10

lipid bilayer

Front 11

FM
____ that are on one side or the other or all the way through.

Back 11

Proteins

Front 12

FM
____ hanging out on top; ____, these often act as ID markers.

Back 12

Glycolipid
Glycoprotein

Front 13

FM
Can ____ this thing apart and see the two ____, and that they are not exactly the same.

Back 13

peel
layers

Front 14

The ____ allows the cell to control its inner environment/metabolism, despite what is going on outside.

Back 14

cell membrane

Front 15

____ - creates this barrier, within this we have proteins , cholesterol molecules,

Back 15

Phospholipid bilayer

Front 16

Every ____ has one saturated and one unsaturated fat.

Back 16

phospholipid

Front 17

____ in bilayer - to help stabilize them as the temperature shifts, not so much with us (endotherms) but with many others it acts as a buffer against temperature.

Back 17

Cholesterol

Front 18

____ techniques allow scientists to view both sides of the lipid bilayer.

Back 18

Freeze fracture

Front 19

Can peel apart the two ____ of the lipid.
Inner and outer leaf differ, contain different proteins.
____ is associated w/ activates taking place inside the cell.
____ is associated w/activities outside of the cell.
Difference is due to their different ____ roles.

Back 19

leaflets
inner leaf
outer leaf
functional

Front 20

Phospholipids move ____ in the bilayer and occasionally ____ sides.
Most often they ____ from inside to outside, because they are synthesized inside the cell. This requires an ____ and ____.

Back 20

laterally
flip
flip
enzyme
energy

Front 21

Proteins interact with the membrane in multiple ways.

Back 21

Transmembrane
Peripheral
Lipid anchored

Front 22

____ - entire protein extends through the lipid bilayer

Back 22

Transmembrane

Front 23

____ - protein is associated with membrane, but not part of it.

Back 23

Peripheral

Front 24

____ - has a lipid "foot" - a lipid "tail" stabilizes the protein's position on the membrane.

Back 24

Lipid anchored

Front 25

Using ____ markers to track movement of proteins in a membrane allows us to document membrane fluidity.

Back 25

fluorescent

Front 26

Some membrane proteins are ____ and cannot move freely in the membrane, this is due to the ____.

Back 26

bound/anchored
cytoskeleton

Front 27

Permeability of lipid bilayer alone:
High permeability -

Back 27

CO2, O2
Cells do not need to do anything so we can breathe, almost all concentration gradients - both ways.

Front 28

Permeability of lipid bilayer alone:
Moderate permeability -

Back 28

Water
Good so we do not have to work so hard to have the right amount of water on either side of the cell.

Front 29

Permeability of lipid bilayer alone:
Low permeability -

Back 29

glucose
It is polar, so it cannot get past the phospholipid bilayer

Front 30

Permeability of lipid bilayer alone:
Very low permeability -

Back 30

charged ions, charged polar molecules, large/macro molecules

Front 31

Inside of the cell is typically ___ milivolts versus the outside.
The outside is more ____, because there is more ____ charged ions on the outside.

Back 31

-70
positive
positively

Front 32

____ - charge differential across both sides

Back 32

Electrical gradient

Front 33

____ - differential in solute concentration across both sides of a membrane.

Back 33

Concentration gradient

Front 34

Gradients drive ____.

Back 34

movement.

Front 35

____ - differential in solute concentration across both sides of the membrane.

Back 35

Transmembrane gradient

Front 36

____ - charge and chemical differential across both sides of a membrane.

Back 36

Electrochemical gradient

Front 37

Important Functions of Ion electrochemical Gradients (Transport Ways) -

Back 37

BOMNR PT

Transport of ions and molecules
Production of energy intermediates
Regulation of cytosolic pH
Osmotic Regulation
Nerve signaling
Muscle contraction
Bacterial swimming

Front 38

Two types of Passive transport -

Back 38

Passive diffusion
Facilitated diffusion

Front 39

____ - not an energy dependent process

Back 39

Passive transport

Front 40

____ - requires energy/ATP to be involved

Back 40

Active transport

Front 41

____ - movement down a gradient

Back 41

Passive diffusion

Front 42

____ - movement down a gradient with the aid of a transport protein (tunnel). Ex. How you get glucose into the cell.

Back 42

Facilitated diffusion

Front 43

____ - directional flow of water across a membrane

Back 43

Osmosis

Front 44

____ - same solute on inside and outside
____ - higher outside
____ -low outside/ higher on inside.

Back 44

Isotonic
Hypertonic
Hypotonic

Front 45

Plants use ____ to help control water concentration.

Back 45

central vacuole

Front 46

____ - water goes to where the solute concentration is highest.

Back 46

"Salt Sucks"

Front 47

You have an ____ solution on the inside and outside of the cell.

Back 47

aqueous (water)

Front 48

____ - gated channels allow controlled flow of solutes across the membrane. ____ = open, ____ = closed

Back 48

Facilitated diffusion
Active
Inactive

Front 49

____ - stays closed until some kind of signal lands on the receptor.

Back 49

Ligand gate

Front 50

____ that open chemically.

Back 50

Chemical gates

Front 51

____ - open if a charge reaches a maximum or minimum.

Back 51

Voltage gate

Front 52

____ - gates that open mechanically, physical pressure stimulates them. Ex. Hair cell in ears get physically blown over.

Back 52

Mechanical gates

Front 53

Sometimes ____ are just "holes" and material just flows through them.
If you want to be more specific, solute binds to a ____ that is specific to the specific solute it pops open to the other side, and the solute no longer has a high affinity for that and it pops off.

Back 53

channels
pocket

(Hand example, open then pop in the other direction, this is how glucose goes inside the cell.)

Front 54

Types of transporters -

Back 54

Uniport
Symport
antiport

Front 55

____ - one solute, one direction

Back 55

Uniport

Front 56

____ - two solutes, one direction

Back 56

Symport

Front 57

____ - two solutes, two/opposite directions

Back 57

Antiport

Front 58

____- use of atp, need energy input to work
(trying to move something "uphill"/against its concentration gradient/charge differential)

Back 58

Active transport

Front 59

____ is hydrolyzed into ADP and Pi (quasitrivia, Pi -> inorganic phosphate removed from atp)

Back 59

ATP

Front 60

____ is direct transport resulting from atp breakdown.

Back 60

Primary

Front 61

____ is something else moved across due to active transport.

Back 61

Secondary

Front 62

____ - is an active transport pump that maintains your cells membrane differential.

Back 62

Sodium - potassium pump

Front 63

Sodium-Potassium pump or ____

Back 63

electrogenic pump

Front 64

For every cycle of the pump you get rid of ____ sodiums and take in ____ potasiums. (pushing both items uphill)

Back 64

3
2

Front 65

Energy required for 1 cycle of the Sodium-potassium pump is ____.

Back 65

1 ATP

Front 66

You move "big" things via ____.

Back 66

exocytosis

Front 67

____ - Binding/receptor, starts to fold in/invaginate around the cargo

The last thing the cage does is pinch off around the membrane.

Back 67

Moving larger things via endocytosis