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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
what are the 4 features of animals
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-multicellularity
-heterotrophic metabolism -internal ingestion -movement |
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describe heterotrophic metabolism
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-intake of food; we get nutrients from the organisms we intake as opposed to plants who already have the nutrients inside of them
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What are the 4 key features to animal body plans
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-symmetry
-structure of the body cavity -segmentation -external appendages |
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define 2 types of symmetry
-what occurs w/ respect to symmetry in echinoderms |
-radial symmetry: any plane through the main axis divides animal into two similar halves
-bilateral symmetry: one plane through anterior/posterior midline divides animal into 2 mirror images (dorsal is back, ventral is belly) -echinoderms: larvae are bilateral while adults are pentaradial |
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define/describe the 3 types of body cavities
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-acoelomate: no body cavity/coelom
-pseudocoelomate: coelem is lined with mesoderm, but the internal organs are not thus leaving them suspended -coelomate: coelom and internal organs are lined with mesoderm, thus the internal organs are bolted down, allowing for better control over movement of cavity |
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describe 4 key points in segmentation of animals
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-more precise control of movement
-allows animal to alter shape of body in complex ways -not always obvious externally (vertebrae in vertebrates) -varies in different regions of the body (different segments become unique in function) |
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describe uses of appendages in animals
-describe how evolution has acted on appendages |
-sensing, chewing, locomotion, mating
-increases precision and efficiency in mobility -some appendages were lost in many groups of organisms |
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what are the 5 types of feeding strategies in animals
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-filter feeding
-herbivores -predators -parasites -detrivores |
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describe filter feeders
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-small organisms/nutrients that move through environment are collected by filtering either actively (flamingo) or passively (sponges)
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describe herbivores
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eat living plants/plant tissues
-eat phloem -drink nectar from flowers -eat leaves/part of plant -eat whole plant |
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describe predators
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eat other animals
-usually smaller, but can be larger in size |
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describe parasites
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-live in or on organisms from which they obtain energy and nutrients
ex: larvae of tarantula hawks |
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describe detrivores
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eat dead stuff
-dead animals -dead plants -dunk |
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why are omnivores important
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critical to food webs
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what are the two main stages of life cycles
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-larvae stage
-adult stage |
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what are the two types of larvae for planktonic marine animals
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-trochophore
-naplius both of these are "dispersal" stage for marine animals |
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describe what trochophores become in the adult stage
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ex: mollusks
-they become sessile in the adult stage |
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describe what naplius become in the adult stage
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ex: crustaceans, crabs
-they become either sessile or motile -use appendages as larvae for locomotion |