Bio 181 Exam 3.

Front 1

Genome

Back 1

A Cell's DNA

Front 2

Autosome

Back 2

All Chromosomes excluding the X&Y

Front 3

Somatic Cells

Back 3

All the body cells except for the sex cells

Front 4

Gametes

Back 4

Sperm & Egg (haploid)

Front 5

Interphase Stages

Back 5

G1-Cell Grows Larger, Producing organelles and proteins

S- "Synthesis" DNA is duplicated

G2-Cell prepares for division

*Most of a cell's life is spent in interphase

Front 6

Mitosis Stages (in animal cells)

Back 6

Prophase

Metaphase

Anaphase

Telophase

Front 7

What happens in Prophase

Back 7

Nuclear membrane disintegrates and nucleus disappears, Chromatin condenses into chromosomes (visible under a microscope), Spindle fibers form and are guided to the poles by centrioles

Front 8

What happens in Metaphase

Back 8

Chromosomes line up down the middle of the cell in any order

Front 9

what happens in Anaphase

Back 9

Sister chromatids seperate into daughter chromosomes, the daughter chromosomes move to opposite ends of the cell

Front 10

what happens in Telophase

Back 10

The spindle fibers disintegrate and the nuclear envelope reforms. The chromosomes also begin to uncurl again

Front 11

What is Cytokinesis

Back 11

The process of dividing Cytoplasm into two distinct cell walls (it is followed by interphase again)

Front 12

Functions of Mitotic Cell Division

Back 12

1)Allows for fertilized eggs to eventually becomes an organism with trillions of individual cells

2) Allows organism to maintain its tissue. Skin cells – 2weeks RBCs – 4 months Stomach cells – 3 days

3) Basis for asexual reproduction – offspring are genetically identical to parent cell (clones)

Front 13

Through a microscope, you can see a cell plate beginning to develop across the middle of a cell and nuclei forming on either side of the cell plate. The Cell is most likely...

Back 13

A plant cell in the process of cytokineses.

Front 14

One difference between cancer cells and normal cells is that cancer cells

Back 14

Continue to divide even when tightly packed together

Front 15

Which of the following does not occur during mitosis

Back 15

Replication of the Dna

Front 16

Diploid

Back 16

46 chromosomes (22 pairs of somatic cells and 1 pair of sex cells)

Front 17

Haploid

Back 17

Only contains 23 chromosomes

Front 18

Homologous Chromosomes

Back 18

2 identical chromosomes in a cell (female cells are homologous, but males arent yet act like they are)

Front 19

Zygote

Back 19

Product of the fertilization of a gamete

Front 20

Stages of Meiosis

Back 20

Meiosis 1

Prophase 1

Metaphase 1

Anaphase 1

Telophase 1

Meiosis 2
Prophase 2

Metaphase 2

Anaphase 2

Telophase 2

Front 21

Differences Between Meiosis 1 and Mitosis

Back 21

Homologous pairs line up side by side. During metaphase the maternal and paternal homologous pairs line up together. No replication occurs after meiosis 1. Meiosis 1 leads to meiosis 2.

Front 22

Difference between Meiosis 2 and Mitosis

Back 22

Same thing as meiosis 1 except cytokineses produces another pair of haploid cells. 4 Haploid cells produced by the end of meiosis.

Front 23

what is Crossing Over

Back 23

Genetic material from non-sister chromatids can exchange places with one another.

Front 24

What is spermatogenesis

Back 24

Males go through spermatogenesis in order to produce 4 sperm at the end of each cycle (meiosis). The primary spermatocite goes through mitosis in order to replenish itself.

Front 25

What is Oogenesis

Back 25

Meiosis produces an Egg and 3 polar bodies. Occurs once a month.