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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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homozygous condition
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two copies of the genes are identical alleles
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heterozygous
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two copies of the genes are different
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Each version of a gene is called an _____
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allele
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____ are units of information about specific traits
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Genes
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Homozygous dominant example
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AA
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homozygous recessive example
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aa
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the alleles an individual inherits are the ______
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genotype
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observable, functional or physical traits, such as attached earlobes, are called the _______
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phenotypes
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tool for determining a probable outcome of genetic crosses
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Punnett square
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the number between zero and one that expresses the likelihood of a particular event.
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probability
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rule that states that alleles for different traits are sorted into gametes independently of one another.
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independent assrotment
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evidence for independent assortment can come from a method called the
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dihybrid cross
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monohybrid cross = ____ dominance
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simple
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A dihybrid cross follows ____ generations of matings
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two
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the wide ranging affect of a single gene is called _____
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pleitropy
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in ______ more than one allele of a gene is expressed
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Codominance
ex. AB blood type |
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a gene that has 3 or more alleles is called a _____
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multiple allele system
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the term ___ refers to the probability that someone who inherits an allele will have the phenotype associated with it.
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penetrance
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extra finger or toes
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polydactyly
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the abnormal attachment of muscles to bones of the little finger
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campodactyly
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when an allele can produce a range of phenotypes, its expression is said to be _____
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variable
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_____ traits result from the combined expression of several genes
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polygenic
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height is an example of a polygenic trait exhibiting ____
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continuous variation
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the study of how individuals react to drugs
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pharmocogenetics
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second generation offspring from a cross between two homozygotes are the ___
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F2 generation
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the observable traits of an organism are its
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phenotypes
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____ are alternate forms of a gene
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alleles
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a heterozygote has a pair of ___ alleles
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contrasting
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