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208 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
blood vessels which carry blood back to the heart are known as
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veins
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does an increase in the or decrease in blood pressure
|
increase
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which of the following would occur in response to a drop in blood pressure: increase or decrease of endothelin
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increase
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which substance is pumped out of the urine to be reabsorbed by the body due to ANP
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potassium
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where does angiotensin I go to play it's major role
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lungs
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what is the blood pressure found in the veins
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0-5
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a process in which a blood vessels smooth muscle contracts so the diameter of the vessel gets smaller
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vasoconstriction
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which of the cranial nerves supplies the baroreceptors in the carotid sinus
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glossopharyngeal
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which of the blood vessels regulates a majority of the peripheral resistance
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arterioles
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a type of poor tissue perfusion due to hemorrhage is
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hypovolemic
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a condition caused by poor perfusion, reduced cellular metabolism, and organ failure is known as
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shock
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do the chemoreceptors belong to the factors that regulate short term or long term control of blood pressure
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short term
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ANP activates the sodium pump to pump 3 sodium ions into or out of the urine
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into
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a type of poor tissue perfusion due to diaphoresis is
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hypovolemic
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baroreceptors belong to a group of receptors known as ______ or stretch receptors
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mechanoreceptors
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do the baroreceptors belong to the factors that regulate short term or long term control of blood pressure
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short term
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very large thick walled vessels near the heart are known as
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elastic arteries
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does a reduction in the heart rate cause an increase decrease in blood pressure
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decrease
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does a relatively high capillary colloid osmotic pressure tend to pull fluid in or push it out of a capillary
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pull in
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at the arterial end of a capillary, is the capillary hydrostatic pressure High or LOW when compared to the interstitium
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high
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which of the blood vessels have valved
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veins
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the areas of the body that contain the most chemoreceptors are
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carotid sinus and aortic arch
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is ANP released due to an increase or decrease in bp
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increase
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baroreceptors belong to a group of receptors known as mechanoreceptors or ______ receptors
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stretch
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blood vessels which carry blood away from the heart are known as
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arteries
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a process in which a blood vessels smooth muscle relaxes so the diameter of the vessel gets larger
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vasodilation
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which of the cranial nerves supplies baroreceptors in the aortic arch
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vagus
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does an increase in the number of action potentials from the baroreceptors increase or decrease bp
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decrease
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does a reduction in the hearts strength of contraction cause an increase or decrease in blood pressure
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decrease
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specialized blood vessels with diameters between 10 um- 0.3 mm
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arterioles
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does angiotensin II cause in increase or decrease in bp
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increase
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does vasoconstriction in the periphery cause an increase or decrease in bp
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increase
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does sympathetic inhibition allow vasodilation or vasocontriction in the periphery
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vasodilation
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in which vessels does the exchange of blood gas occur
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capillaries
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where is ADH stored and released
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posterior pituitary
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the outermost, connective tissue layer of a blood vessel is known as
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tunica externa
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what percent of total blood volume is contained in the veins
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54%
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how do the arteries in the lungs respond to low levels of oxygen
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vasoconstriction
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a type of hypertension in which the patient demonstrates a diastolic bp greater than 140 mm Hg
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malignant
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at the venous end of a capillary, is the capillary colloid osmotic pressure high or low when compared to the interstitium
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high
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does vasopressin belong to the factors that regulate short term or long term control of blood pressure
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short term
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***sounds listened to when cutting off blood flow in an artery and listening to the sounds made are known as
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korokoff's
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relative to fluid balance, the amount of solute, especially proteins in the interstitium is referred to as
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interstitial colloid osmotic pressure
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dilated artery is
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aneurysm
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does the Renin-angiotensin system belong to the factors that regulate short term or long term control of blood pressure
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long term
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is endothelin released due to an increase or decrease in blood pressure
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decrease
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which of the following would occur in response to a drop in blood pressure: increase or decrease of epinephrine
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increase
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at the arterial end of a capillary, is the interstitial colloid osmotic pressure high or low when compared to the interstitium
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high
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ADH causes its effects by water retention and ____
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vasoconstriction
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the areas of the body that contain the most baroreceptors are
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carotid sinus and aortic arch
|
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does the release of atrialnatriuretic peptide increase or decrease bp
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decrease
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does an increase in the number of action potentials from the chemoreceptors increase or decrease the hearts strength of contraction
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increase
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type of poor tissue perfusion due to a hypersensitive reaction to an allergy is
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anaphylactic
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does atrionatriuretic peptide belong to the factors that regulate short or long term control of bp
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short
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the smallest blood vessels are known as
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capillaries
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how do the arteries of the lungs respond to high levels of oxygen
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vasodilation
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does vagal inhibition cause in increase of decrease in bp
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increase
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at rest, what percent of capillaries in skeletal muscles remain closed
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75%
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which of the vessels demonstrate the largest combined surface area
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capillaries
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does vasodilation in the periphery cause an increase or decrease in bp
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decrease
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does the reninangiotensin system activate due to an increase of decrease in bp
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decrease
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does an increase in the number of action potentials from the chemoreceptors increase or decrease sympathetic stimulation
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increase
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which of the thin walled blood vessels have diameters between 8-100 um
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venules
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a type of poor tissue perfusion due to diuresis is
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hypovolemic
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which of the following would occur in response to a drop in blood pressure: increase or decrease of ADH
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increase
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does endothelin belong to the factors that regulate short or long term control of bp
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short term
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which of the following would occur in response to a drop in blood pressure: increase of decrease of acetylcholine
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decrease
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does vagal stimulation cause an increase of decrease in bp
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decrease
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does stimulation of the higher centers of the brain increase or decrease the hearts strength of contraction
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increase
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the inner most layer of a blood vessel is known as the
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tunica intima or endothelium
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does ADH belong to the factors that regulate short or long term control of bp
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short term
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is ADH released due to an increase or decrease in bp
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decrease
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does nitric oxide belong to the factors that regulate short or long term control of bp
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short term
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ANP activates the sodium pump to pump 2 potassium ions in or out of the urine to be reabsorbed by the body
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out of
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does endothelin cause vasoconstriction or vasodilation
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vasoconstriction
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does endothelin increase of decrease blood pressure
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increase
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where is ADH made
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hypothalamus
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where is nitric oxide made
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endothelium
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another name for vasopressin is
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antidiuretic hormone
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the sodium pump moves how many sodium ions into the urine
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three
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how does ADH cause water retension
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turns on protein synthesis of water channels in kidneys
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which of the following would occur in response to a rise in bp: increase or decrease of epinephrine
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decrease
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does an increase in the hearts strength of contradiction cause an increase or decrease in bp
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increase
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which of the following would occur in response to a drop in bp: increase or decrease of nitric oxide
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decrease
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a type of poor tissue perfusion due to an imbalance between the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous system is
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neurogenic
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which of the following would occur in response to a drop in bp: stimulation of baroreceptors or inhibition of baroreceptors
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inhibition
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whats the bp found in capillaries
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14-17 mm Hg
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does stimulation of higher centers of the brain increase of decrease bp
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increase
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does parasympathetic inhibition cause an increase or decrease in bp
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increase
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does the release of more ADH increase or decrease bp
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increase
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for the chemoreceptors, does an increase in C02 cause in incease or decrease in the number of action potentials traveling to the vasometer center
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increase
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how many potassium ions are pumped into the urine to be excreted under the influence of aldosterone
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two
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for osmosis, water generally follows which osmotically active particle
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sodium
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where is angiotension II made
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lungs
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does endothelin typically act systemically or locally
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locally
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a type of poor tissue perfusion due to emesis is
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hypovolemic
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if the blood pressure falls, what enzyme is released from the kidneys
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renin
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for osmosis, what generally follows the osmotically active particle sodium
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water
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what specific tissue makes up the inner most layer of a blood vessel
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simple squamous epithelium
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what is the location for the production of most of the bodys adrenalin
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adrenal medulla
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what percent of hypertension cases belong to the secondary type
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10%
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what structure in the kidneys indirectly monitors bp through urine flow
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macula densa
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does parasympathetic stimulation allow for vasodilation or vasoconstriction in the periphery
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vasodilation
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is nitric oxide released due to an increase or decrease in bp
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increase
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whats the location for the production of most of the bodys epinephrine
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adrenal medulla
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what blood vessel in the antecubital region is used to measure bp
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brachial artery
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a type of poor tissue perfusion sue to a bacterial or fungal infection in blood is
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septic
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does nitric oxide cause vasoconstriction or vasodilation
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vasodilation
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profuse sweating with fluid loss is known as
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diaphoresis
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for the chemoreceptors, does a decrease in oxygen cause an increase or decrease in the number of action potentials traveling to the vasomotor center
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increase
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does an increase in the number of action potentials from the baroreceptors increase or decrease sympathetic stiumlation
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decrease
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which of the following would occur in response to a rise in bp: increase or decrease of acetylcholine
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increase
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the area of the brain responsible for regulating bp is known as
|
vasomotor center
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what percent of the interstital fluid must be removed by the lymphatics
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10%
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what enzyme is responsible for changing angiotensin I into angiotensin II
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angiotensin converting enzyme
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a type of poor tissue perfusion due to low blood volume is
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hypovolemic
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on what compound does renin act, what is its substrate
|
angiotensinogen
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vasodilation cause by an increase of CO2 is known as the ______ theory of autoregulation
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metabolic theory
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a type of poor tissue perfusion due to heart failure such as myocardial infarction is
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cardiogenic
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which of the following would occur in response to a rise in bp: increase or decrease of nitric oxide
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increase
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ability of tissues regulate their own bp to keep it steady regardless of changes in bp elsewhere and also known as autoregulation or
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local control of bp
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how many sodium ions are pumped to the ECM to be reabsorbed by blood under the influence to aldosterone
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three
|
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the sodium pump moves how many potassium ions out of urine
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two
|
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which of the following would occur in response to a rise in bp: increase or decrease of ADH
|
decrease
|
|
which of the following would occur in response to a rise in bp: stimulation of baroreceptors or inhibition of baroreceptors
|
stimulation
|
|
which substance is pumped into the urine due to ANP
|
sodium
|
|
when measuring peripheral bp the 1st sound heard when releasing pressure from the cuff represents which phase of the bp
|
systolic
|
|
another name for ADH is
|
vasopressin
|
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how does aldosterone cause water retention
|
activates sodium pump in the kidneys to reabsorb sodium
|
|
where is ANP made
|
atria
|
|
give the value for the mean arterial pressure
|
96 mm Hg
|
|
does a relatively high capillary hydrostatic pressure trent to push fluid in or out of a capillary
|
out
|
|
at the arterial end of capillary, is the interstitial fluid hydrostatic pressure high or low when compared to the interstitium
|
low
|
|
which of the following would occur in response to a drop in bp: increase or decrease of ANP
|
decrease
|
|
how do the arteries of the skin respond to increased temperature
|
vasodilation
|
|
does parasympathetic inhibition vasodilation or vasoconstriction in the periphery
|
vasoconstriction
|
|
as blood reaches the venous end of the capillary, does fluid move into the capillary or out
|
in
|
|
does stimulation of the higher centers of the brain increase of decrease heart rate
|
increase
|
|
which of the following would occur in response to a rise in bp: increase or decrease of endothelin
|
decrease
|
|
which of the autonomic nervous system is the primary regulator of the vasomotor center to regulate blood pressure
|
sympathetic
|
|
does an increase in the number of action potentials from the chemoreceptors increase or decrease the heart rate
|
increase
|
|
relative to fluid balance, the bp in a capillary is referred to as
|
capillary hydrostatic pressure
|
|
to which group of lipids does aldosterone belong
|
steroids
|
|
what percent of hypertension cases belong to the primary type
|
90%
|
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vasodilation caused by an increase in lactic acid is known as the ___ theory of autoregulation
|
metabolic theory
|
|
the ability of tissues regulate their own bp to keep it steady regardless of changes in bp elsewhere and also known as local control or
|
autoregulation
|
|
does activation of renin-angiotensin system cause an increase or decrease in bp
|
increase
|
|
vasodilation caused by an increase in hydrogen ions is known as the ____ theory of autoregulation
|
metabolic theory
|
|
does angiotensin II cause vasoconstriction or vasodilation
|
vasoconstriction
|
|
which layer of a blood vessel is made up of smooth muscle
|
tunica media
|
|
a reduction in bp upon standing is known as
|
orthostatic hypotensin
|
|
as blood approches the arterial end of a capillary, does fluid move into the capillary or out
|
out
|
|
ADH causes it effects by vasoconstriction and ____
|
water retention
|
|
which results in the release of renin, an increase or decrease of bp
|
decrease
|
|
for the chemoreceptors does an increase in hydrogen ions cause an increase or decrease in the number of action potentials traveling to the vasomotor center
|
increase
|
|
drugs that lower bp by blocking the production of angiotensin II are known as
|
ACE inhibitors
|
|
does an increase in the number of action potentials from the chemoreceptors increase or decrease bp
|
increase
|
|
where in endothelin made
|
endothelium
|
|
what percent of the total blood volume is contained in the veins and the venules
|
64%
|
|
as fluid leaves the arterial end of a capillary, does it become hypertonic, hypotonic, or remain isotonic
|
becomes hypertonic
|
|
how do arteries respond when they are stretched due to an increase to bp
|
vasoconstrict
|
|
the most abundant from hypertension is
|
primary or essential
|
|
a type of poor tissue perfusion due to burns is
|
hypovolemic
|
|
does nitric oxide typically act systemically or locally
|
locally
|
|
at the arterial end of a capillary is the capillary colloid osmotic pressure high or low when compared to the interstitium
|
low
|
|
blood flow to tissues relative to the tissues mass is known as
|
perfusion
|
|
does nitric oxide increase or decrease bp
|
decrease
|
|
arteries with diameters between .3-10mm which makes up most of the names arteries
|
muscular arteries
|
|
a type of poor tissue perfusion due to diarrhea is
|
hypovolemic
|
|
does a relatively high intertitial fluid hydrostatic pressure tend to push fluid in or out of a capillary
|
in
|
|
when measuring a peripheral blood pressure, in which phase of the blood pressure in indicated when the sounds are no longer heard
|
diastolic
|
|
does an increase in the number of action potentials from the chemoreceptors increase or decrease perfusion
|
increase
|
|
vasodilation caused by a reduction in oxygen is known as the ____ theory of autoregulation
|
metabolic theory
|
|
the fact that muscles contract when stretched related to the ____ theory of autoregulation
|
myogenic control
|
|
relative to fluid balance the fluid pressure in the interstitium is referred to as
|
interstitial fluid hydrostatic pressure
|
|
an instrument used to measure bp by cutting off blood flow in an artery and listening to the sounds made when flow is re-established
|
sphygmomanometer
|
|
which of the following would occur in response to a rise in bp: increase or decrease of ANP
|
increase
|
|
how do the arteries of the brain respond to increased levels of CO2
|
vasodilation
|
|
how do the arteries of the brain respond to increased levels of hydrogen ions
|
vasodilation
|
|
an abnormal increase in bp is referred to as
|
hypertension
|
|
over stretched veins with compromised valves which allow tissue edema are known as
|
varicose veins
|
|
a type of hypertension for which there is no known cause is
|
primary or essential
|
|
does stimulation of the higher centers of the brain increase or decrease sympathetic stimulation
|
increase
|
|
what percent if hypertension cases have no known cause
|
90%
|
|
which of the blood vessels are basically the tunica intima only
|
capillaries
|
|
does parasympathetic stimulation cause in increase or decrease in bp
|
decrease
|
|
at the venous end of a capillary, is the interstitial colloid osmotic pressure high or low when compared to the interstitium
|
low
|
|
ANP cause its effects by activating the _____
|
sodium pump
|
|
another name for an abdominal increase in urinary output is
|
diuresis
|
|
does a relatively high interstitial colloid osmotic pressure tend to push fluid in or pull it out of a capillary
|
pull out
|
|
where is aldosterone made
|
adrenal cortex
|
|
what is aldosterone's major effect
|
water retention
|
|
continuous sympathetic stimulation of arteries which allows constant partial contraction of the smooth muscle is known as
|
vasomotor tone
|
|
what percent is hypertension cases have known causes
|
10%
|
|
the area of the brain responsible for regulating bp is located in the
|
medulla oblongata
|
|
where is angiotensin I made
|
liver
|
|
at the venous end of a capillary, is the tnterstitial fluid hydrostatic pressure high or low when compared to the interstitium
|
high
|
|
does stimulation of the baroreceptors increase of decrease blood pressure
|
decrease
|
|
a type of hypertension for which the cause is known
|
secondary
|
|
a term meaning to listen to the heart sounds
|
auscultation
|
|
what is the combined surface area for all the capillaries
|
6300 m2
|
|
for the baroreceptors, does an increase in bp cause them to increase or decrease the number of action potentials traveling to the vasomotor center
|
increase
|
|
vomiting AKA
|
emesis
|
|
where does renin have its direct effect
|
liver
|
|
does sympathetic stimulation cause vasodilation or vasconstriction in the periphery
|
vasoconstriction
|
|
relative to fluid balance, the amount of solute, especially proteins in the capillary is referred to as
|
capillary colloid osmotic pressure
|
|
at rest, what percent of the capillaries in the skeletal muscles remain open
|
25%
|
|
at the venous end of capillary, is the capillary hydrostatic pressure high or low when compared to the interstitium
|
low
|