Bio 141 - Tissues 3

Front 1

Types of muscle tissue?
- describe briefly
- roots of the words

Back 1

- skeletal
- cardiac
- smooth

Skeletal and smooth muscle cells (but not cardiac muscle cells) are elongated, and for this reason, they are called MUSCLE FIBERS

The prefixes MYO or MYS (word roots mean "muscle") or SARCO (flesh) the reference is always to muscle.
Example: the plasma membrane of muscle cells is called the SARCOLEMMA, literally, "muscle" (sarco) "husk" (lemma), and muscle cell cytoplasm is called SARCOPLASM.

Front 2

Skeletal muscle tissue

- describe
- important words related to this tissue

Back 2

SKELETAL MUSCLE TISSUE is packages into the SKELETAL MUSCLES, or organs that attach to and cover the bony skeleton. SKELETAL MUSCLE FIBERS are the longest muscle cells and have obvious stripes called STRIATIONS. Although it is often activated by reflexes, skeletal muscle is called VOLUNTARY MUSCLE because it is the only type subject to conscious control

- important word related to SKELETAL MUSCLE TISSUE: SKELETAL, STRIATED, and VOLUNTARY

Skeletal muscle is responsible for overall body mobility. It can contract rapidly, but it tires easily and must rest after short periods of activity. Nevertheless, it can exert tremendous power, a fact revealed by reports of people lifting cars to save their loved ones. Ekeletal muscle is also remarkably adaptable. Example: your forearm muscles can exert a force of a fraction of an ounce to pick up a paper clip - or a force of about 6 pounds to pick up a book.

Front 3

Cardiac muscle

- describe
- important words related to this tissue

Back 3

Cardiac Muscle

Cardiac muscle tissue occurs ONLY IN THE HEART, where it constitutes the bulk of the heart walls.
Like skeletal muscle cells, cardiac muscle cells are STRIATED, but cardiac muscle is not voluntary. Indeed, it can and does contract without being stimulated by the nervous system. Most of us have no conscious control over how fast our heart beats.

KEY WORDS:
- CARDIAC
- STRIATED
- INVOLUNTARY

striated: Marked with striae; striped, grooved, or ridged

Front 4

Smooth muscle

- description
- important word related to this tissue
- function

Back 4

Smooth muscle tissue is found in the walls of hollow visceral organs, such as the STOMACH, URINARY BLADDER, and RESPIRATORY PASSAGES.

Its role is to force fluids and other substances through internal body channels.

Like skeletal muscle, smooth muscle consists of elongated cells, but smooth muscle has NO STRIATIONS.

Like cardiac muscle, smooth muscle is not subject to voluntary control. Its contractions are slow and sustained.

Important words related to this tissue:
- VISCERAL
- NONSTRIATED
- INVOLUNTARY

Front 5

Skeletal / Cardiac / Smooth Muscle Tissue

- important words related to each tissue

Back 5

Skeletal: skeletal, striated, voluntary
Cardiac: cardiac, striated, involuntary
Smooth: visceral, nonstriated, involuntary

Front 6

visceral
visceral muscle

Back 6

VISCERAL: pertaining to an internal organ of the body or the inner part of a structure.

VISCERAL MUSCLE: Type of smooth muscle; its cells contract as a unit and rhythmically, are electrically coupled by a gap junctions, and often exhibit spontaneous action potentials. Also called unitary smooth muscle.

Front 7

Smooth muscles - LOCATION

Back 7

mostly in the walls of hollow visceral organs, e.g. stomach, urinary bladder, and respiratory passages.

Front 8

What is the role of the smooth muscle?

Back 8

Its role is to force fluids and other substances through internal body channels.

Front 9

Smooth muscle / description

Back 9

smooth muscle:
spindle-shaped cells with central nuclei;
no striations;
cells arranged closely to form sheets

Front 10

Smooth muscle:

function

Back 10

The function of the SMOOTH MUSCLE is to propel substances or objects (foodstuffs, urine, a baby) along internal passageways; involuntary control.
Therefore it is found in the walls of hollow visceral organs, such as the stomach, urinary bladder, and respiratory passages where it forces fluids and other substances through internal body channels.

Front 11

Cardiac muscle:

location

Back 11

only the walls of the heart

Front 12

Cardiac muscle:
role?

Back 12

Cardiac muscle tissue occurs ONLY in the heart, where it constitutes the bulk of the heart walls.
As it contracts, it propels blood into the circulation;
INVOLUNTARY control;
Cardiac muscle usually contracts at a fairly steady rate set by the heart's pacemaker, but neural controls allow the heart to speed up for brief periods, as when you race across the tennis court to make that overhead smash.

Front 13

Cardiac Muscle:

description

Back 13

- branching;
- striated;
generally uninucleate cells that interdigitate at specialized junctions (intercalated discs)

CARDIAC / STRIATED / INVOLUNTARY

Front 14

Cardiac muscle:

function

Back 14

As it contracts, it propels blood into the circulation;
involuntary control

Front 15

SKELETAL MUSCLE:

description

Back 15

long, cylindrical, multinucleate cells; obvious striations

Skeletal muscle tissue is packaged into the SKELETAL MUSCLES, organs that attach to and cover the bony skeleton.
Skeleton muscle fibers are the longest muscle cells and have obvious stripes called STRIATIONS.
Although it is often activated by reflexed, skeletal muscle is called VOLUNTARY MUSCLE because it is the only type subject to conscious control.

Front 16

SKELETAL MUSCLE:

LOCATION

Back 16

Skeletal muscle is responsible for overall BODY MOBILITY.
It can contract rapidly, but it tires easily and must rest after short periods of activity.
It can be found in SKELETAL MUSCLES attached to BONES or occasionally to SKIN.

Front 17

SKELETAL MUSCLE:

important words related to this tissue

Back 17

SKELETAL
STRIATED
VOLUNTARY

Front 18

Muscle Functions

Back 18

- producing movement
- maintaing posture and body position
- stabilizing joints
- generating heat

- protect the more fragile internal organs by enclosing them (skeletal)
- regulate passage of substances through internal body openings (smooth)
- constrict the pupils of your eyes
- form the arrector pili muscles attached to hair follicles

Front 19

Muscle Functions:

producing movement
- describe

Back 19

Muscle Functions
Producing Movement

Just about all movements of the human body and its parts result from msucle contraction.
SKELETAL muscles are responsible for all locomotion (moving from place to place) and manipulation.
They enable you to respond quickly to changes in the external environment - for example, jump out of the way of a car, direct your eyes, and smile or frown.
Blood courses through your body because of the rhythmically beating CARDIAC muscle of your heart and the smooth muscle in the walls of your blood vessels, which helps maintain blood pressure.
sMOOTH muscle in organs of the digestive, urinary, and reproductive tracts propels, or squeezes, substances (foodstuffs, urine, semen) through the organs and along the tract.

Front 20

MUSCLE FUNCTIONS:
maintaining posture and body position
- describe

Back 20

SKELETAL muscles maintain body posture. These muscles function almost continuously, making one tiny adjustment after another to counteract the never-ending downward pull of gravity.

Front 21

MUSCLE FUNCTIONS:
Stabilizing Joints
- describe

Back 21

Even as muscles pull on bones to cause movement, they stabilize and strengthen the joints of the skeleton.

Front 22

MUSCLE FUNCTIONS:
Generating Heat
- describe

Back 22

Muscles generate heat as they CONTRACT.
This heat is vitally important in maintaining normal body temperature.
Because SKELETAL muscle accounts for at least 40% of body mass, it is the muscle type most responsible for generating heat.

Front 23

Which muscle type is most responsible for generating heat?

Back 23

SKELETAL
Muscles generate heat as they CONTRACT.
This heat is vitally important in maintaining normal body temperature.
Because SKELETAL muscle accounts for at least 40% of body mass, it is the muscle type most responsible for generating heat.

Front 24

________________ muscles protect the more fragile internal organs (the viscera) by enclosing them.

Back 24

Skeletal muscles protect the more fragile internal organs (the viscera) by enclosing them.

Front 25

___________ muscles form valves to regulate the passage of substances through internal body openings.

Back 25

Smooth muscles

Front 26

Smooth muscles - functions

Back 26

Smooth muscles form valves to regulate the passage of substances through internal body openings,
dilate and constrict the pupils of the eyes,
form the arrector pili muscles attached to hair follicles

Front 27

_____________ constrict the pupils of the eyes

Back 27

Smooth muscles

Front 28

______________ muscles form the arrector pili muscles attached to hair follicles.

Back 28

Smooth muscles

Front 29

When describing muscle, what does "striated" mean?

Back 29

"Striated" means "with stripes"

Front 30

Which muscle type has elongated cells and is found in the walls of the urinary bladder?

Back 30

Smooth muscle