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185 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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A duplicated chromosome has ____ chromatid(s).
a. One b. Two c. Three d. Four |
b. Two
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Mitosis & cytoplasmic division function in ______.
a. Asexual reproduction of single-celled eukaryotes b. Growth & tissue repair in multi-celled species c. Gamete formation in bacteria & archaens d. A & B |
d. A & B
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Except for a pairing of sex chromosomes, homologous chromosomes ____.
a. carry same genes b. are same shape c. are same length d. all of above |
d. all of above
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Most cells spend majority of lives in ____.
a. prophase b. metaphase c. anaphase d. telophase e. interphase f. a & c |
e. interphase
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The chromosomes align at midpoint of spindle during____.
a. prophase b. metaphase c. anaphase d. telophase e. interphase f. cytokinesis |
b. metaphase
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The spindle attaches to chromosomes at the ____.
a. centriole b. contractile ring c. centromere d. centrosome |
c. centromere
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Only ____is not a state of mitosis.
a. prophase b. interphase c. metaphase d. anaphase |
b. interphase
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In intervals of interphase, G stands for ____.
a. Gap b. Growth c. Gey d. Gene |
a. Gap
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Name phases of cell cycle & main events.
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interphase
prophase metaphase anaphase telophase |
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Interphase is part of cell cycle when _____.
a. Cell ceases to function b. Spindle forms c. Cell grows & duplicates its DNA d. Mitosis proceeds |
c. Cell grows & duplicates its DNA
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After mitosis, chromosome number of a descendant cell is _____ parent cell’s.
a. Same as b. One-half of c. Rearranged compared to d. Doubled compared to |
a. Same as
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Name any checkpoint gene.
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EGF receptor gene (EGFR)
BRCA1 BRCA2 53BP1 |
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Which of the following encompasses the other two?
a. Cancer b. Neoplasm c. Tumor |
b. Neoplasm
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_________can cause mutations.
a. Replication errors b. Transposons c. Ionizing radiation d. Nonionizing radiation e. b and c are correct f. All of the above |
f. All of the above
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_____different codons constitute the genetic code.
a. 3 b. 20 c. 64 d. 120 |
c. 64
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Each amino acid is specified by a set of ______ bases in an mRNA transcript.
a. 3 b. 20 c. 64 d. 120 |
a. 3
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Where does translation take place in a typical eukaryotic cell?
a. Nucleus b. Ribosomes c. Cytoplasm d. B and C |
d. B and C
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Where does transcription take place in a typical eukaryotic cell?
a. Nucleus b. Ribosomes c. Cytoplasm d. B & C |
a. Nucleus
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_____________are removed from new mRNA transcripts.
a. Introns b. Exons c. Telomeres d. Amino acids |
a. Introns
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What is maximum length of polypeptide encoded by an mRNA that is 45 nucleotides long?
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15 Amino acids
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Anticodons pair with ___________.
a. mRNA codons b. DNA codons c. RNA anticodons d. Amino acids |
a. mRNA codons
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Most codons specify a(n)_____________.
a. Protein b. Polypeptide c. Amino acid d. mRNA |
c. Amino acid
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RNAs form by _____________; proteins form by __________.
a. replication; translation b. Translation; transcription c. Transcription; translation d. Replication; transcription |
c. Transcription; translation
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An RNA molecule is typically ________; a DNA molecule is typically __________.
a. single-stranded; double-stranded b. double-stranded; single-stranded c. Both are single-stranded d. Both double-stranded |
a. single-stranded; double-stranded
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Energy that drives transcription is provided mainly by _________.
a. ATP b. RNA nucleotides c. GTP d. All are correct |
d. All are correct
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A binding site for RNA polymerase is called a ________.
a. Gene b. Promoter c. Codon d. Protein |
b. Promoter
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A chromosome contains many different gene regions that are transcribed into different ________.
a. Proteins b. Polypeptides c. RNAs d. a and b |
c. RNAs
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After chromosomes are duplicated, each of the new copies is called a _____.
a. centromere b. sister chromatid c. sister chromosome d. clone e. nucleosome |
b. sister chromatid
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The building blocks of nucleic acids are
a. amino acids. b. fatty acids. c. monosaccharides. d. nucleotides. e. all of these. |
d. nucleotides.
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Replication of DNA
a. produces RNA molecules. b. produces only new DNA. c. produces two molecules, each of which is half new and half old DNA joined lengthwise to each other. d. generates excessive DNA, which eventually causes the nucleus to divide. e. is too complex to characterize. |
c. produces two molecules, each of which is half new and half old DNA joined lengthwise to each other.
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Bacteriophages are
a. large bacteria. b. pathogens (disease-producing bacteria). c. viruses. d. cellular components. e. protistans. |
c. viruses
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A human karyotype showing 22 pairs of autosomes and two X chromosomes would be
a. a normal male. b. a normal female. c. an abnormal male. d. an abnormal female. e. none of these. |
b. a normal female
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How many different types of RNA molecules are needed to make protein?
a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4 e. 6 |
c. 3
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What is the form of RNA that carries the code from the DNA to the site where the protein is assembled?
a. messenger RNA b. nuclear RNA c. ribosomal RNA d. transfer RNA e. structural RNA |
a. messenger RNA
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Which of the following carries amino acids to ribosomes, where amino acids are linked into the primary structure of a polypeptide?
a. mRNA b. tRNA c. hnRNA d. rRNA e. all of these |
b. tRNA
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Transcription
a. occurs on the surface of the ribosome. b. is the final process in the assembly of a protein. c. is the synthesis of any type of RNA from a DNA template. d. is catalyzed by DNA polymerase. e. is all of these. |
c. is the synthesis of any type of RNA from a DNA template.
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Which of the following catalyzes the process of transcription?
a. RNA polymerase b. DNA polymerase c. ligase d. gyrase e. all of these |
a. RNA polymerase
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A locus is
a. a recessive gene. b. an unmatched allele. c. a sex chromosome. d. the location of an allele on a chromosome. e. a dominant gene. |
d. the location of an allele on a chromosome.
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Alternative forms of a gene at a given locus are called
a. chiasmata. b. alleles. c. autosomes. d. loci. e. chromatids. |
b. alleles.
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Which of the following indicates homozygous genotypes?
a. aa b. Aa c. AA d. Aa and AA e. AA and aa |
e. AA and aa
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Which of the following genotypes show dominant phenotypes?
a. aa b. Aa c. AA d. Aa and AA e. AA and aa |
d. Aa and AA
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According to Mendel, what kinds of genes “disappear" in F1 pea plants?
a. sex-linked b. dominant c. recessive d. codominant e. lethal |
c. recessive
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A colorblind man and a woman with normal vision whose father was colorblind have a son. Colorblindness, in this case, is caused by an X-linked recessive gene. If only the male offspring are considered, the probability that their son is colorblind is
a. 0.0 (0 percent). b. 0.25 (25 percent). c. 0.50 (50 percent). d. 0.75 (75 percent). e. 1.0 (100 percent). |
c. 0.50 (50 percent)
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A colorblind man and a woman with normal vision whose father was colorblind have a daughter. Colorblindness, in this case, is caused by an X-linked recessive gene. The probability that their daughter is colorblind is
a. 0.0 (0 percent). b. 0.25 (25 percent). c. 0.50 (50 percent). d. 0.75 (75 percent). e. 1.0 (100 percent). |
c. 0.50 (50 percent).
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An X-linked carrier is a
a. homozygous dominant female. b. heterozygous female. c. homozygous recessive female. d. homozygous male. e. heterozygous male. |
b. heterozygous female.
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A chromosome that has been broken and rejoined in a reversal sequence has undergone
a. inversion. b. deletion. c. duplication. d. translocation. e. crossing over. |
a. inversion.
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The condition occurring when an organism has a 2n + 1 chromosome composition is known as
a. monosomy. b. trisomy. c. diploid. d. haploid. e. both trisomy and haploid. |
b. trisomy.
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The longest part of the cell cycle is usually
a. anaphase. b. interphase. c. metaphase. d. prophase. e. telophase. |
b. interphase.
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The chromosomes and genes are actually replicated during
a. anaphase. b. metaphase. c. interphase. d. prophase. e. telophase. |
c. interphase.
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The chromosomes are aligned at the spindle equator during
a. anaphase. b. metaphase. c. interphase. d. prophase. e. telophase. |
b. metaphase.
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The chromatids detach from one another and become visibly separated chromosomes during
a. anaphase. b. metaphase. c. interphase. d. prophase. e. telophase. |
a. anaphase.
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Four of the five answers listed below are events occurring during mitosis. Select the exception.
a. chromosome replication b. division of centromere c. lining up chromosomes at the cellular equator d. spindle microtubules attach to centromeres e. chromosomes migrate to opposite ends of the cell |
a. chromosome replication
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If meiosis did not occur in sexually reproducing organisms,
a. the zygote would be haploid. b. gametes would be haploid. c. mitosis would be sufficient. d. the chromosome number would double in each generation. e. eggs would be diploid but sperm would be haploid. |
d. the chromosome number would double in each generation.
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If a parent cell has 16 chromosomes and undergoes meiosis, the resulting cells will have how many chromosomes?
a. 64 b. 32 c. 16 d. 8 e. 4 |
d. 8
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Homologous chromosomes
a. are the same size. b. have genes for the same characteristics (even though the alleles may not be the same). c. are in pairs, one chromosome of each pair from the father and one from the mother. d. pair up during meiosis. e. are all of these. |
-are the same size.
-have genes for the same characteristics (even though the alleles may not be the same). -are in pairs, one chromosome of each pair from the father and one from the mother. -pair up during meiosis. e. are all of these. |
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The sister chromatids become separated during ____ of meiosis.
a. metaphase I b. anaphase I c. telophase I d. anaphase II e. prophase II |
d. anaphase II
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Crossing over usually occurs in which of the following stages of meiosis?
a. prophase I b. interphase c. anaphase II d. metaphase I e. telophase II |
a. prophase I
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Individuals don't evolve, ____ do.
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Populations
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Biologists define evolution as ____.
a. purposeful change in a lineage b. heritable change in a line of descent c. acquiring traits during individual's lifetime |
b. heritable change in a line of descent
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____is the original source of new allele.
a. Mutation b. Natural Selection c. Genetic Drift d. Gene flow e. All of above |
a. Mutation
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Evolution can only occur in a population when ____.
a. mating is random b. there is selection pressure c. neither is necessary |
c. neither is necessary
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A fire devastates all trees in wide swath of forest. Populations of species in tree-dwelling frog on either side of burned area diverge to become separate species. This is an example of ____.
a. Allopatric Speciation b. Sympatric Speciation c. Parapatric Speciation |
a. Allopatric Speciation
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Stabilizing selection tends to ____ (select all that apply).
a. eliminate extreme forms of trait b. favor extreme forms of trait c. eliminate intermediate forms of trait d. favor intermediate forms of trait e. shift allele frequencies in one direction |
a. eliminate extreme forms of trait
d. favor intermediate forms of trait |
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Disruptive selection tends to ____ (select all that apply).
a. eliminate extreme forms of trait b. favor extreme forms of trait c. eliminate intermediate forms of trait d. favor intermediate forms of trait e. shift allele frequencies in one direction |
b. favor extreme forms of trait
c. eliminate intermediate forms of trait |
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Directional selection tends to (select all that apply).
a. eliminate extreme forms of trait b. favor extreme forms of trait c. eliminate intermediate forms of trait d. favor intermediate forms of trait e. shift allele frequencies in one direction |
b. favor extreme forms of trait
e. shift allele frequencies in one direction |
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Sexual selection, such as occurs when males compete for access to fertile females, frequently influences aspects of body form and can lead to ____.
a. male/female differences b. male aggression c. exaggerated traits d. all of above |
a. male/female differences
b. male aggression c. exaggerated traits d. all of above |
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The persistence of malaria and sickle-cell anemia in a population is a case of ____.
a. bottlenecking b. balanced polymorphism c. natural selection d. artificial selection e. B & C |
b. balanced polymorphism
c. natural selection e. B & C |
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____tends to keep populations of a species similar to one another.
a. Genetic drift b. Gene flow c. Mutation d. Natural selection |
b. Gene flow
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In evolutionary trees, each node represents a(n) ____.
a. single lineage b. extinction c. point of divergence d. adaptive radiation |
c. point of divergence
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In cladograms, sister groups are ____.
a. inbred b. same age c. represented by nodes d. in same family |
b. same age
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The number of species on an island depends on size of island and its distance from mainland. This statement would most likely be made by ____.
a. explorer b. biogeographer c. geologist d. philosopher |
b. biogeographer
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Evolution ____.
a. is natural selection b. is heritable change in line of descent c. can occur by natural selection d. b and c |
b. is heritable change in line of descent
c. can occur by natural selection d. b and c |
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Which of following is a fossil?
a. Insect encased in 10Mil.Yr.Old tree sap b. Woolly mammoth frozen in Arctic permafrost for last 50,000 yrs c. Mineral-hardened remains of whale-like animal found in Egyptian desert d. Impression of plant leaf in rock e. All of above |
a. Insect encased in 10Mil.Yr.Old tree sap
b. Woolly mammoth frozen in Arctic permafrost for last 50,000 yrs c. Mineral-hardened remains of whale-like animal found in Egyptian desert d. Impression of plant leaf in rock e. All of above |
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Did Pangea or Gondwana form first?
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Gondwana
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Bones of bird's wing are similar to bones in bat's wing. This is an observation of ____.
a. uniformity b. evolution c. comparative morphology d. lineage |
c. comparative morphology
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If half-life of radioisotope is 20,000yrs, then sample in which three-quarters of that radioiosotope has decayed is ____ years old.
a. 15,000 b. 26,667 c. 30,000 d. 40,000 |
d. 40,000
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Forces of geologic change include ____(select all that are correct).
a. erosion b. fossilization c. volcanic activity d. evolution e. tectonic plate movement f. wind g. asteroid impacts h. hot spots |
a. erosion
c. volcanic activity e. tectonic plate movement f. wind g. asteroid impacts h. hot spots |
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Cretaceous ended ____million years ago.
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65.5 Million years ago
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Life originated in the ____.
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Archean Eon
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Through ____, a body part of an ancestor is modified differently in different lines of descent.
a. morphological divergence b. adaptive divergence c. morphological convergence d. homologous evolution |
a. morphological divergence
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Homologous structures among major groups of organisms may differ in ____.
a. size b. shape c. function d. all of above |
a. size
b. shape c. function d. all of above |
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Constructing a pedigree is useful when studying inheritance patterns in organisms that ____.
a. produce many offspring per generation b. produce few offspring per generation c. have very large chromosome numbers d. reproduce sexually e. have fast life cycle |
b. produce few offspring per generation
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Pedigree analysis is necessary when studying human inheritance patterns because ____.
a. humans have more than 20,000 genes b. ethical problems with experimenting on humans c. inheritance in humans is more complicated than in other organisms d. genetic disorders occur in humans e. all of above |
b. ethical problems with experimenting on humans
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A recognized set of symptoms that characterize a genetic disorder is a(n) ____.
a. syndrome b. disease c. abnormality |
a. syndrome
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If one parent is heterozygous for dominant allele on an autosome & the other parent does not carry the allele, any child of theirs has a ____ chance of being heterozygous.
a. 25% b. 50% c. 75% d. no chance; it will die |
b. 50%
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True/False. A son can inherit an X-linked recessive allele from him father.
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False
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A trait that is present in a male child but not in either parents is characteristic of ____ inheritance.
a. autosomal dominant b. autosomal recessive c. X-linked recessive d. It's not possible to answer, need more info. |
c. X-linked recessive
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Color-blindness is a case of ____ inheritance.
a. autosomal dominant b. autosomal recessive c. X-linked dominant d. X-linked recessive |
d. X-linked recessive
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What do you think the pattern of inheritance of the human SRY gene is called?
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Y-Linked dominant inheritance
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A female child inherits one X chromosome from her mother & one from her father. What sex chromosome does male child inherit from each parent.
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X from Mom and Y from Dad
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Nondisjunction can result in ____.
a. polyploidy b. aneuploidy c. crossing over d. pleiotropy |
b. aneuploidy
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Nondisjunction can occur during ____ of meiosis.
a. anaphase I b. telophase I c. anaphase II d. a or c |
a. anaphase I
c. anaphase II d. a or c |
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True/False. Body cells may inherit three or more of each type of chromosome characteristic of the species, a condition called polyploidy.
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True
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Klinefelter syndrome (XXY) can be easily diagnosed by ____/
a. pedigree analysis b. aneuploidy c. karyotyping d. phenotypic treatment |
c. karyotyping
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Nondisjunction may occur during ____.
a. mitosis b. meiosis c. fertilization d. both a & b |
a. mitosis
b. meiosis d. both a & b |
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A heterozygous individual has a ____ for a trait being studied.
a. pair of identical alleles b. pair of nonidentical alleles c. haploid condition, in genetic terms |
b. pair of nonidentical alleles
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An organism's observable traits constitute it's ____.
a. phenotype b. variation c. genotype d. pedigree |
a. phenotype
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A second-generation offspring of a cross between individuals who are homozygous for different alleles of a gene are called the ____.
a. F1 generation b. F2 generation c. hybrid generation d. none of the above |
b. F2 generation
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F2 offspring of the cross AA X aa are ____.
a. all AA b. all aa c. all Aa d. 1/2 AA and 1/2 aa |
c. all Aa
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A second-generation offspring of a cross between individuals who are homozygous for different alleles of a gene are called the F2 generation. Assuming complete dominace, F2 generation will show phenotypic ratio of ____.
a. 3:1 b. 9:1 c. 1:2:1 d. 9:3:3:1 |
a. 3:1
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A test cross is a way to determine ____.
a. phenotype b. genotype c. both a & b |
b. genotype
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Assuming complete dominance, crosses between two dihybrid F1 pea plants, which are offspring from a cross AABB X aabb, result in F2 phenotype ratios of____.
a. 1:2:1 b. 3:1 c. 1:1:1:1 d. 9:3:3:1 |
d. 9:3:3:1
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Probability of crossover occurring between two genes on the same chromosome____.
a. is unrelated to distance between them b. decreases with distance between them c. increases with distance between them |
c. increases with distance between them
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A gene that affects three traits is ____.
a. epistatic b. multiple allele system c. pleiotropic d. dominant |
c. pleiotropic
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____alleles are both expressed.
a. Dominant b. Codominant c. Pleiotropic d. Hybrid |
b. Codominant
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A bell curve indicates ____ in a trait.
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Continuous variation
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The main evolutionary advantage of sexual over asexual reproduction is that it produces ____.
a. more offspring per individual b. more variation among offspring c. healthier offspring |
b. more variation among offspring
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Meiosis functions in ____.
a. asexual reproduction of single-celled eukaryotes b. growth & tissue repair in multicelled species c. sexual reproduction d. both a & b |
c. sexual reproduction
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Sexual reproduction in animals requires ____.
a. meiosis b. fertilization c. spore formation d. a and b |
a. meiosis
b. fertilization d. a and b |
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Meiosis ____the parental chromosome number.
a. doubles b. halves c. maintains d. mixes up |
b. halves
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Crossing over mixes up ____.
a. chromosomes b. alleles c. zygotes d. gametes |
b. alleles
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Crossing over happens during which phase of meiosis?
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Prophase I
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The stage of meoisis that makes descendant cells haploid is ____.
a. prophase I b. prophase II c. anaphase I d. anaphase II e. metaphase I f. metaphase II |
c. anaphase I
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Dogs have a diploid chromosome number of 78. How many chromosomes do their gametes have?
a. 39 b. 78 c. 156 d. 234 |
a. 39
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____contributes to variation in traits among the offspring of sexual reproducers.
a. crossing over b. random attachment of chromosomes to spindle poles c. fertilization d. both a & b e. all are factors |
a. crossing over
b. random attachment of chromosomes to spindle poles c. fertilization d. both a & b e. all are factors |
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Which of the following is one of the very important difference between mitosis & meiosis?
a. chromosomes align midway btn spindle poles only in meiosis b. homologous chromosomes pair up only in meiosis c. DNA is replicated only in mitosis d. sister chromatids separate in meiosis e. interphase occures only in meitosis |
b. homologous chromosomes pair up only in meiosis
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Chromosomes number _____.
a. refers to a particular chromosome pair in a cell b. is an identifiable feature of species c. is like a set of books d. all of above |
b. is an identifiable feature of species
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Sister chromatids connect at the
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Centromere
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Basic unit that structurally organizes a eukaryotic chromosome is the ____.
a. higher-order coiling b. double helix c. base sequence d. nucleosome |
d. nucleosome
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Which is not a nucleotide base in DNA?
a. adenine b. guanine c. uracil d. thymine e. cytosine f. all are in DNA |
c. uracil
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What are base-pairing rules for DNA?
a. A-G, T-C b. A-C, T-G c. A-U, C-G d. A-T, G-C |
d. A-T, G-C
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One species' DNA differs from others in its ____.
a. sugars b. phosphates c. base sequence d. all of above |
c. base sequence
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When DNA replication begins, ____.
a. two DNA strands unwind from each other b. two DNA strands condense for base transfers c. two DNA molecules bond d. old strands move to finds new strands |
a. two DNA strands unwind from each other
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Show complementary strand of DNA that forms on this template DNA fragment during replication:
5'--GGTTTCTTCAAGAGA--3' |
3'-CCAAAGAAGTTCTCT-5"
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____is an example of reproductive cloning.
a. Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) b. Multiple offspring from same pregnancy c. Artificial embryo splitting d. a and c e. all of above |
d. a and c
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DNA of each species has unique ____that set it apart from DNA of all other species.
a. nucleotides b. chromosomes c. sequences d. bases |
c. sequences
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____can be used to produce genetically identical organisms (clones).
a. SCNT b. embryo splitting c. therapeutic cloning d. all of above |
a. SCNT
b. embryo splitting c. therapeutic cloning d. all of above |
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A karyotype reveals the ____ of a single cell.
a. base sequences b. chromosomes c. hereditary information d. clones |
b. chromosomes
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SCNT with human cells is called ____.
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Therapeutic cloning
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Filial means
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Offspring
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Only DNA & protein
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Bacteriophage
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Copy of organism
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Clone
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Nitrogen-containing base, sugar, phosphate group(s)
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Nucleotide
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Two chromosomes of each type
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Diploid
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Fills in gaps, seals breaks in DNA strand
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DNA ligase
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Adds nucleotides to a growing DNA strand
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DNA polymerase
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Does not determine sex
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Autosome
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Read as base triplets
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Genetic message
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Binding site for RNA polymerase
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Promoter
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Occurs only in groups
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Polysome
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Protein-coding segment
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Exon
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Complete set of 64 codons
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Genetic code
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Removed before translation
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Intron
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Gets around
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Transposable element
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All chromosomes are aligned along spindle equator
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Metaphase I
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May be none between Meiosis I and Meiosis II
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Interphase
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Different molecular form of a gene
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Allele
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Does not occur in animals
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Sporophyte
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Haploid
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Gamete
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AABB X aabb
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Dihybrid cross
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Aa X Aa
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Monohybrid cross
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bb
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Homozygous condition
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Aa
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Heterozygous condition
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Symptoms of genetic disorder
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Syndrome
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Segment of chromosome moves to nonhomologous chromosome
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Translocation
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Extra sets of chromosomes
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Polyploidy
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Results in gametes with the wrong chromosome number
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Nondisjunction during meiosis
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A chromosome segment is lost
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Deletion
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One extra chromosome
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Aneuploidy
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Evidence of life in distant past
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Fossils
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Geologic change occurs continuously
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Uniformity
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Human arm & bird wing
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Homologous structures
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Big role in development
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Homeotic Genes
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Measured by reproductive success
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Fitness
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Insect wing and bird wing
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Analogous structures
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Survival of the fittest
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Natural selection
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Characteristic of radioisotope
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Half-life
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Can lead to interdependent species
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Coevolution
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Changes in a population's allele frequencies due to chance alone
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Genetic drift
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Alleles enter or leave a population
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Gene flow
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Evolutionary History
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Phylogeny
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Occurs in different patterns
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Natural selection
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Burst of divergences from one lineage into many
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Adaptive radiation
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Source of new alleles
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Mutation
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Diagram of sets within sets
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Cladogram
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1. Which of the following was not one of Darwin's observations?
a. Most individuals have an equal chance to survive and reproduce. b. Changes in organisms were gradual and took place over long periods of time. c. Members of the same species may show considerable variation. d. Some characteristics are heritable and are passed on to offspring. e. Some characteristics afford the organism with improved chances of survival. |
a. Most individuals have an equal chance to survive and reproduce.
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2. The wings of a bird and the wings of a butterfly are ____ and show morphological ____.
a. homologous; convergence b. analogous; convergence c. homologous; divergence d. analogous; divergence e. none of these |
b. analogous; convergence
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3. Four of the five answers listed below are portions of the theory of natural selection. Select the exception.
a. Variation is heritable. b. Heritable traits vary in adaptability. c. More organisms are produced than can survive. d. The largest and strongest always contribute more genes to the next generation. e. Natural selection is the result of differential reproduction. |
d. The largest and strongest always contribute more genes to the next generation.
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4. According to Darwin, natural selection is based on the ____ found in populations.
a. acquired characters b. variations c. weakest members d. noncompetitors e. similarities |
b. variations
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5. The fossil record is incomplete because
a. very few organisms were preserved as fossils. b. organisms tend to decay before becoming a fossil. c. animals with hard parts are preserved more easily. d. geological processes may destroy fossils. *e. of all of these. |
-very few organisms were preserved as fossils.
-organisms tend to decay before becoming a fossil. -animals with hard parts are preserved more easily. -geological processes may destroy fossils. e. of all of these. |
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6. Which of the following evolve?
a. populations b. genera c. kingdoms d. phyla e. individuals |
a. populations
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7. New alleles arise by
a. mutation. b. migration. c. genetic drift. d. random mating. e. independent assortment. |
a. mutation.
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8. A species is composed of
a. related organisms. b. a group of reproductive females. c. populations that have the potential to interbreed and produce fertile offspring. d. organisms located in the same habitat. e. all males and females in the same geographical range with the same ecological requirements. |
c. populations that have the potential to interbreed and produce fertile offspring.
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9. Two individuals are members of the same species if they
a. possess the same number of chromosomes. b. breed at the same time. c. are phenotypically indistinguishable. *d. mate in their natural environment and produce fertile offspring. e. live in the same environment. |
d. mate in their natural environment and produce fertile offspring.
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10. Allopatric speciation requires
a. gradual evolutionary changes. b. geographic isolation. c. polyploidy. d. adaptive radiation. e. rapid evolutionary change. |
b. geographic isolation.
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