Bio 112 Lab Practicum

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Kingdom Archaebacteria

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extremophiles

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Kingdom Bacteria

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heterotrophic= energy from organic molecules

autotrophic= energy from photosynthesis.

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Bacteria Shapes

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Bacillus = ROD
Coccus= SPHERE
Spirillum= SPIRAL

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Fission

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bacteria DNA replicates and cell pinches in half

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Conjugation

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genetic material of one bacterium is transferred to another bacterium and new set of genes is assembled

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Gram stain importance*

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identifies sensitivity of bacteria to antibiotics.
(doctors know which antibiotic works best)

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Gram Positive (+)

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PURPLE stain.
thick cell wall
(streptococus)

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Gram Negative (-)

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no stain
thin cell wall
(E. coli.)

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Cyanobacteria
(blue-green algae)

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photosynthetic bacteria

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accesory pigments of cyanobacteria

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phycoCYANin (blue)

phycoERYTHRin (red)

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Sheath

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jellylike substance that surrounds cyanobacteria

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OSCILLATORIA

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NOSTOC

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GLOEOCAPSA

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MERISMOPEDIA

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ANABAENA

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heterocysts

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thick cells where NITROGEN FIXATION occurs

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Protist (algae)

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eukaryotes that lack characteristics of fungi, animals, and plants

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Phylum Chlorophyta

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GREEN algae

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CHLAMYDOMONAS (unicellular)

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syngamy

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pairing and fusion of haploid gametes to form diploid

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SPIROGYRA (filamentous)

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CLADOPHORA (filamentous)

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VOLVOX (colonial)

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ULVA (tissue)

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Oogamy

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sperm sweims to fuse with nonmotile egg

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daughter colonies

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new colonies held within parent colony formed by Volvox after dividing asexually

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Phylum Phaeophyta

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BROWN Algae

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Fucoxanthin

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brown pigment in phaeophyta

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Fucus reproduction

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branches have conceptacles

contain oogonia (female) and antheridia (male)

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FUCUS (rockweed)

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LAMINARIA (kelp)

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Phylum Rhodophyta

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RED Algae

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Phylum Chrysophyta

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Diatoms

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Diatom cell wall

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made of Silicon Dioxide

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Phylum Pyrrhophyta

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Dinoflagellates

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Red tide

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caused by PTYCHODISCUS

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Phylum Euglenophyta

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EUGLENA

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Euglena structure

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Phylum Myxomycota

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Plasmodial Slime Molds

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PHYSARUM

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Kingdom Fungi

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mold
sac fungi
club fungi
lichens

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Asexual Reproduction in Fungi

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spores
budding
fragmentation

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Sexual Reproduction of Fungi

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hyphae encounter each other

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Plasmogamy

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2 mating strains will fuse their cytoplasm and become dikaryotic (n+n)

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Karyogamy

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nuclei fuse and become diploid zygotes (2n)

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Phylum Zygomycota

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(BREAD MOLD)

zygosporangia characterize them

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Rhizopus Stolonifer (black bread mold)

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Zygosporangium

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HEPATICOPHYTA

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LIVERWORTS

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MARCHANTIA

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DIOECIOUS

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both male and female parts

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Phylum Bryophyta

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MOSSES

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POLYTRICHUM

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Phylum Anthocerophyta

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HORNWORTS

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ANTHOCEROS

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Seedless Vascular Plants

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Pterophyta and Lycophyta

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Pterophyta - POLYPODIUM (ferns)

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Pterophyta - EQUISETUM (horsetail)

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Pterophyta - PSILOTUM (whisk fern)

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Phylum Lycophyta

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CLUB MOSSES

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LYCOPODIUM

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STROBOLI

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Cones