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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is biology?
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Scientific study of life, lays the foundation for asking basic questions about life and the natural world.
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What are the characteristics of life?
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DNA, sense and respond, metabolism, reproduction, carbon (same substances)
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What is the process of biological inquiry?
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Scientific Method
Observe Hypotheses predict make test test report |
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What are the levels of biological organization?
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Cell
Multi Population Community Ecosystem Biosphere |
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What are the characteristics of prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms?
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Pro- single cells, no nucleus or organelles, small
Eu- Single or multi celled, nucleus and organelles, larger |
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What are elements?
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fundamental matter, can't be broken down, 92 natural, O, H, C, N are most abundant in living things
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What are atoms?
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smallest particles that retain properties of an element
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What are some characteristics of electrons?
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negative charge, repel each other, attracted to protons
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What are molecules?
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bonded atoms
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Properties of water?
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bonds to hydrophilic substances, temperature stabilizing, expands when frozen, cohesive, dissolves substances, polar
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Atomic # is
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number of protons
usually = to # of electrons |
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Mass # is
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protons + neutrons
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Isotopes are
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atom of an element with a different number of neutrons (different mass #)
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Ionic bond is
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one atom loses, another gains...both become ions therefor are attracted
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Covalent bond is
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atoms share a pair of electrons to fill outer shell
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Hydrogen bonding is
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atom in one polar covalent bond is attracted to opposite
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4 main molecules of life
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Proteins, Lipids, Carbohydrates, Nucleic Acids
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Hydrogen ions, how do they relate to PH
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more H+ ions, the lower the PH
less H+ ions, the higher the PH change of 1 on scale = 10x change in H+ concentration |
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Acids
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donate H+ ions when in water
PH is less than 7 |
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Bases
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accept H+ ions when in water
PH is more than 7 |
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What is a buffer system?
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Minimizes shift in PH
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What are Salts?
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compounds that release ions other than H+ and OH- when in water
eg. NaCl releases NA+ and Cl- |
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Simplest organic compound?
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Methane
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What are Carbohydrates, why are they important?
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simple energy, chains of sugars
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What are Lipids and why are they important?
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fats(energy storage), phospholipids(cell membranes), waxes(plants) have fatty acids
sterols(cholesterol) no fatty acids |
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What are proteins and why are they important?
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make tissue, made by amino acids hooked by peptide bonds
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Peptide bonds
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form by condensation, by hooking together amino acids
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Amino Acids
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building blocks of proteins
made of an amino group, carboxyl group, and R group attached to carbon-hydrogen backbone |
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Different protein structures and why important?
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Primary- sequence of amino acids
Secondary-H bonding produces helix Tetiary- helix folds into a stable unit, shape is formed Quaternary- multiple polypeptide chains |
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Nucleic Acids
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made of nucleotides (sugar, phosphate group, Nitrogen base)
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