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62 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What, scientifically speaking, is science? |
A way of thinking. Not a way of knowing. |
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How does a scientific theory differ from any other theory? |
Based on observations of phenomena which results in generating many questions. This leads to gathering evidence ultimately leading to answers. |
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How are science and technology related? |
Technology is the product of science. Not science in and of itself. |
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How to facts differ from knowledge? |
Things observed in nature are facts (the Sun rose this morning). |
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What is required of a hypothesis, scientifically speaking? |
Required to be a testable statement. Testable through experimentation accounting for a fact or set of facts. |
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What does true science require? How can I trust what is being presented is not purely crap to make you buy a product? |
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What are the limitations of true science? |
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What is inductive reasoning and in what situations is it used? |
Produces general conclusions based on specific observations. (i.e. since all these things do a common action, they are a group) -Cell theory ex: many organisms have been studied and they are all made of cells. Therefore all organisms are made of cells. |
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What is deductive reasoning and in what types of situations is it used? |
Produces conclusions from generalizations to a specific result. (i.e. "if...then" logic) -Cell theory ex: if all organisms are made of cells, then humans are made of cells. |
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How are scientific truth, knowledge, wisdom and understanding related? |
ST: observations of nature using senses or equipment (microscope, etc) K: what we "think" we know about the truth. Imperfect and subject to revision. W: realization that truth and knowledge aren't the same thing. |
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Be able to calculate the actual size of an object given the number that can fit across a given diameter of the field of view. |
(1/# across)×lens diameter |
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Be able to calculate a drawing magnification given an actual size and a drawing size. |
Magnification = drawing size / actual size
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Be able to convert cm, mm, and mcm. |
1cm = 10mm = 1000mcm |
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Be able to identify parts of a microscope. |
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Know the rules of using the compound microscope. |
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Why is evolution know as "Biology's Grand Unifying Theory"? |
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What is Darwinism? Know what the components of Darwinism are and be able to explain them. |
natural selection, etc.
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What is the name of Charles Darwin's book in its entirety? |
On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favored Races in the Struggle for Life
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What is meant by geographic and reproductive isolation? |
Geographic isolation refers to the separation of two populations by physical boundaries, such as rivers, mountains, etc. Reproductive isolation occurs when two populations no longer produce viable offspring.
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Understand the concept of a species. |
Can produce viable offspring
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Know how to properly write a scientific name. |
Italics if typed, underlined if handwritten
Genus capitalized, specific epithet not. Ursus americanus (but italicized) |
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Know the order of the hierarchy of classification. |
KPCOFGS
King Phillip Crossed the Ocean For Good Sex Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species |
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Why might classification, as we know it today, change? |
new discoveries, more fine classification
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Know the components of cell walls of all the organisms covered in this unit. |
K Variables: peptidoglycall
K Plantae: cellulose K Protista: cellulose (if present) K Fungi: chitin K Animalia: no cell wall |
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What is the relationship between cells, a tissue and an organ? |
Group of cells work together to form tissue. Tissue works together to form organs...
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What is responsible for the vast variety of life on this planet? |
evolution?
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What are the names of the three scientists who discovered the DNA molecule? |
Francis Crick, James Watson, Maurice Wilkins. |
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Where is DNA located in eukaryotes? |
within the nucleus
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Where is DNA located in prokaryotes? |
in a coiled loop in the cytoplasm (nucleoid?) |
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Diploid cells vs. Haploid cells |
Diploid: 2 full sets of chromosomes
Haploid: 1 full set of chromosomes |
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Mitosis vs. Meiosis |
Mitosis: 2 identical daughters Meiosis: 4 uinque granddaughters from 2 identical daughters |
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What are gametes? Which groups produce them? Haploid or diploid? |
Gametes themselves are diploid - they form by fusion of two haploids (meiosis)
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What are spores? Which groups produce them? Haploid or diploid? |
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What is a virus? |
a microscopic organism consisting of genetic material (RNA or DNA) surrounded by a protein, lipid (fat), or glycoprotein coat. Neither prokaryotic nor eukaryotic. Must reproduce within another cell.
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Why is the kingdom Monera called the Kingdom of Superlatives? Be able to list/describe them. |
Oldest, smallest, reproduce fastest, most abundant, only with prokaryotes |
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How do eubacteria differ from archaebacteria and cyanobacteria? |
Eubacteria are younger and smaller |
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Identify the Gram reaction. |
+ purple - pink |
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Identify cell shape given description. |
Bacillus - rod Cocci - spherical Sprillum - spiral |
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Be able to explain how we can tell if a bacterium ferments specific sugars. |
Red test tube reaction? |
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Given the location of growth in a thyoglycollate broth, tell if it is aerobic, anaerobic, or facultative. Explain why. |
Top: aerobic - more air Bottom: anaerobic - no air Middle: facultative - no preference |
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Why might bacterium form spores? |
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Three types of habitats you can find extremophiles in. |
Halophiles: salty Thermophiles: extreme heat Acidophiles: acid |
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Where in your body might you find methanogens? |
Gut |
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Be able to define various nutritional relationships and identify them based on a description. |
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Be able to define the methods of nutritional acquisition and identify them based on a description. |
Heterotroph, photosynthetic ? |
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What is nitrogen fixation and what is its importance? |
Converts atmospheric N2 into N2 compounds |
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How did cyanobacteria change the early Earth? |
Added O2 to atmosphere |
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What is the endosymbiosis/endosymbion theory? |
Prokaryote -> mitochondria/chloroplast |
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What 3 steps have been listed as to how endosymbiosis occured? |
1. Invagination of cell membrane to make nucleus and ER 2. Phagocytosis if prokaryotic cell that uses O2 -> acquire energy - cellular respiration 3. Ingest photosynthetic prokaryote -> chloroplast |
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What is the evidence that supports endosymbiosis? |
Mitochondria and chloroplasts have own DNA, enzyme systems like bacteria, and ribosomes like bacteria. |
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Which protist is thought to have given rise to the kingdom Plantae? |
Protista - algaes |
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How to protists reproduce (mostly)? |
Asexual mitosis |
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Know the composition of all protists having cell walls. |
Cellulose |
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Which phyla lack cell walls? |
Animalia, euglenophyta, eubacteria, prokaryotes |
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Which phyla contain multicellular organisms? |
Chlorophyta, rhodophyta, phaeophyta, protista, green algae |
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Which phyla contain single celled organisms? |
Prokaryote, eubacteria, cyanobacteria, archaebacteria, diatoms, dinoflagellate, euglenoid, ameobas, algae, ciliates |
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Be able to identify the mode of motility for phyla having motile organisms. |
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Learn the scientific names of organisms studied in the lab. |
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Know how to distinguish one phylum of alga from another. |
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What specific feature places an organism in P. Sarcodina? |
Pseudopodia |
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What specific feature places an organism in P. Ciliophora? |
Cilia, most complex |
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Know the ecological and economic significance of each phylum. |
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