Bio 111 Chapter 4

Front 1

ATP :: Adenosine Triphosphate

Back 1

a free-floating molecule found in cells that acts like a rechargeable battery which temporarily stores energy that can then be used for cellular work in plants, animals, bacteria, and all the other organisms on earth.

Front 2

biofuel

Back 2

fuels produced from plant and animal products

Front 3

Cellular Respiration

Back 3

Requires FUEL and OXYGEN. Potential energy stored in chemical bonds of sugar, protein, and fat molecules. Breaks bonds to release the high-energy electrons contained in ATP. Oxygen is electron magnet.

Front 4

Chemical energy

Back 4

The storage of energy in chemical bonds [FIG 4.4 p.133]

Front 5

Energy

Back 5

The capacity to do work

Front 6

Ethanol

Back 6

Acetaldehyde's acceptance of NADH's electrons results in production of ethanol. The molecule that give beer, wine, and spirits their kick. Can also be used as a fuel source because it can be combusted in much the same was as the biofuels generated from animal fats and plant oils.

Front 7

Fermentation

Back 7

Process by which cell respiration occurs in the absence of oxygen.

Front 8

First law of thermodynamics

Back 8

Energy can never be created or destroyed. It can only change from one form to another.

Front 9

Fossil Fuel

Back 9

Produced from the decayed remains of plants and animals modified over millions of years by heat, pressure, and bacteria. e.g oil, natural gas, and coal

Front 10

Glycolysis

Back 10

splitting of sugar; sequence of chemical reactions through which glucose is broken down, resulting in to molecules of pyruvate.

Front 11

Kinetic Energy

Back 11

Energy of moving objects

Front 12

Krebs Cycle

Back 12

breaks down products of glycolysis,

Front 13

Light Energy

Back 13

type of kinetic energy, made up of photons organized in wave

Front 14

Mitochondrial matrix

Back 14

3rd step of cellular respiration

FIG 4-33 p.156

Front 15

NADPH

Back 15

high energy electron carrier

Front 16

Photon

Back 16

a quantum of electromagnetic radiation

Front 17

Photosynthesis

Back 17

process by which plants capture energy form the sun and store it in the chemical bonds of sugars and other food molecules they make

Front 18

Photosystem

Back 18

functional and structural units of protein complexes involved in photosynthesis that together carry out the primary photochemistry of photosynthesis: the absorption of light and the transfer of energy and electrons.

Front 19

Pigment

Back 19

light-absorbing molecules

Front 20

Potential Energy

Back 20

A capacity to do work that results from the location or position of an object e.g. food

Front 21

Pyruvate

Back 21

one result of glycolysis.

Front 22

Second Law of Thermodynamics

Back 22

Every conversion of energy includes the transformation of some energy into heat.

Front 23

Stoma

Back 23

small pores, usually on the underside of a leaf

Front 24

Thermodynamics

Back 24

study of the transformation of energy from one type to another e.g. potential to kinetic

Front 25

Work

Back 25

Moving matter against an opposing force

Front 26

Energy tax

Back 26

Every time energy is converted form one form to another the conversion isn't perfectly efficient. Some of the energy is always converted to the least usable form of kinetic energy: heat.