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140 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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List the properties of life |
1. Reproduction 2. Homeostasis/Regulation 3. Response to Stimuli 4. Growth and Development 5. Energy Processing 6. Evolutionary Adaptation 7. Order |
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How do cells reproduce? |
Single celled organisms duplicate DNA, then divide to form 2 new cells Multicellular organisms produce specialized reproductive germline cells |
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What do we mean by the Properties of Life? |
How do we know something is alive? The characteristics that apply to almost all living things |
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What is homeostasis? |
"steady state"; means of keeping the internal environment the same |
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Why is homeostasis so important? |
the organism will die without it |
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coordinates internal functions and response like blood flow and nutrient transport |
regulation |
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Functions of homeostasis |
carry oxygen remove waste cool body deliver nutrients |
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example of homeostasis |
thermoregulation |
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the ability to maintain constant internal conditions |
thermoregulation |
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What do positive and negative responses to stimuli mean? |
a positive response is movement toward stimulus while a negative response is movement away from stimulus |
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Which organisms have DNA? |
All living organisms have DNA |
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the progression over time |
evolutionary adaption |
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What must cells have to be produced? |
Energy |
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The basic unit of organization that can survive on it's own |
a cell |
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How do we organize living systems? |
By it's complexity |
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List the levels of organization |
Atoms-Molecules-Macromolecules-Organelles-Cell-Tissue-Organ-Organ System-Organisms |
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smallest unit of mater |
atoms |
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2 atoms held together by chemical bonds |
molecules |
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formed by polymerization |
macromolecules |
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the process of combining smaller units |
polymerization |
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smaller unit of macromolecules |
monomers |
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small structures that exist within the nucleus of the cell |
organelles |
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2 types of cells |
prokaryotes- single celled, do NOT have membrane bound organelles karyotes-multi celled, have membrane bound organelles |
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a group of similar cells that are organized for the same functional purpose |
tissue |
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example of a tissue |
muscle tissue to move a limb, because muscle cells cannot move the limb by themselves |
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Name some cells that can survive on their own |
human blood cells |
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a discrete, functional unit related to organisms |
organs |
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Example of an organ |
heart, because it composed of a bunch of tissue: muscle, nervous, epitheleal |
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individual living entities |
organ systems |
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example of organ system |
cardiovascular system- heart, blood vessels, etc |
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highly organized, coordinated structures that consist of one or more cells |
organism |
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Do all creatures/things need to have all the levels of organization? Why or why not? |
Depends on living thing, level of complexity and if it can perform all the functions needed to survive on its own Bacteria, is a single celled organism |
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5 kingdoms of organisims |
animal plant fungi bacteria protists |
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example of species |
homosapians=humans |
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group of individuals of the same species living in a particular place |
population |
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example of population |
BIO 111 class at Berry College |
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consists of more than one species |
community |
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example of community |
Berry College- deer, squirrels, students, bacteria |
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includes the community and nonliving things ex.) |
Berry College- including trees, air, light, deer, students |
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What is important about grouping an ecosystem? |
have to set boundaries |
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Non living component examples of an ecosystem |
rocks, soil, sun, temperature, water, air |
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part of the earth where all life exists |
biosphere |
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process of gradual change during which new species arise from old |
evolution |
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shows evolutionary relationship among species based on similarities and differences |
phylogenetic tree |
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a specific type of living things that are reproductively isolated |
species |
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How would you find differences between the species of blue birds? |
Look at DNA for discrete differences |
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Which name of an organism is written in Latin? |
Species |
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2 names of a species |
binomial Genus(italics) species(italics) |
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How does science aim to understand the natural world through? |
Observation Reasoning Theory |
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2 types of reasoning |
inductive- from a # of observations, general conclusion is made deductive- general premise to produce specific results |
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who developed the theory that individuals in a species are different and have to compete for the limited resources, and therefore the winners will produce more offspring |
Charles Darwin, natural selection |
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something that is generally accepted by the scientific community |
theory |
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Unifying themes in biology |
cell theory molecular basis of inheritance structure and function of living things evolutionary change evolutionary conservation cells emergent properties |
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in the process of coming into being or becoming prominent |
emerging |
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example of emerging and synonyms of the word |
Growing, Developing, Flight |
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Name some branches of biology |
Biochemistry- chemical levels zoology- study of animals paleontology-study of life's history using fossils microbiology- study of microorganisms and single celled organisms |
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What does biology mean? |
science of life that studies living organisms and their interactions with one another and their environment |
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What does science attempt to do? |
describe and understand the nature of the universe in whole or in part by rational means |
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What are natural sciences? |
Those fields related to the physical world |
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2 types of science |
basic- expand knowledge without any expectation of short-term practical application applied- solve practical problems |
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suggested explanation for an observation |
hypothesis |
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form of science that begins with a specific question and potential testable answers |
hypothesis based science form |
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field of science like biology that studies living things |
life science |
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large molecule formed by the joining of smaller molecules |
macromolecule |
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fortunate accident or lucky surprise |
serendipity |
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field of science that studies nonliving matter |
physical science like astronomy and chemistry |
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What life can you see from space? |
NONE |
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1st form of life |
microorganisms |
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What is science? |
knowledge that covers general laws |
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What is natural science? |
hard science,e related to physical world |
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2 types of natural science |
life-study of living like biology physical- study of nonliving like astronomy |
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2 main pathways of scientific study |
descriptive/discovery science-inductive, explorers and observations hypothesis based science- deductive, potential solution to test, specific question |
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What is common in all forms of science? |
a goal to know |
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2 driving forces of science |
curiosity inquiry |
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molecule that donates hydrogen ions and increases the concentration of them in a solution |
acid |
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What is adhesion? |
attraction between water molecules and other molecules |
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hydrocarbon consisting of a linear chain of carbon atoms |
aliphatic hydrocarbon |
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negative ion that is formed by an atom gaining electrons |
anion |
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hydrocarbon consisting of closed rings of carbon atoms |
aromatic hydrocarbon |
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the smallest unit of matter that retains all of the chemical properties of an element |
atom |
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calculated mean of the mass number of an element's isotopes |
atomic mass |
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total number of protons in an atom |
atomic number |
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What makes a chemical equation balanced? |
the chemical reactions on both the products and reactants sides must be equal |
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molecule that donates hydroxide ions or binds excess hydrogen ions and decreases the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution |
base |
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substance that prevents a change in pH by absorbing or releasing hydrogen or hydroxide ions |
buffer |
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amount of heat required to change the temperature of one gram of water by one degree celsius |
calorie |
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Why does capillary action occur? |
Water molecules are attracted to charges on the inner surfaces of narrow tubular structures and draw the water molecules to the sides of the tubes |
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positive ion that is formed by an atom losing one or more electrons |
cation |
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What is a chemical reaction? |
Process leading to the rearrangement of atoms in molecules |
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the ability to combine and to chemically bond with each other |
chemical reactivity |
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intermolecular forces between water molecules caused by the polar nature of water; responsible for surface tension |
cohesion |
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What is a compound? |
molecules consisting of atoms of at least 2 different elements |
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type of strong bond that forms between 2 of the same or different elements when electrons are shared between atoms |
covalent bond |
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release of an ion from a molecule such that the original molecule now consists of an ion and charged remains |
dissociation |
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ion necessary for nerve impulse conduction, contractions and water balance |
electrolyte |
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negatively charged subatomic particle that resides out the nucleus with a negative charge |
electron |
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arrangement of electrons in an atom's electron shell |
electron configuration |
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important in the creation of ionic bonds |
electron transfer |
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What is the octet rule? |
that atoms are most stable when they hold 8 electrons in their outer shells |
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region surrounding nucleus that contains electrons |
orbital |
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any molecule containing carbon |
organic molecules |
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organizational chart of elements that indicates atomic number and masss |
periodic table |
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What is the scale that ranges from 0-14 and shows concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution |
pH scale |
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Type of covalent bond that is a resultt of unequal sharing of electrons, creating a slight positive and negative charge in the molecule |
polar covalent bond |
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right side of chemical equation |
product |
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positively charged particle |
proton |
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isotope that emits radiation composed of subatomic particles to form more stable elements |
radioisotope |
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left side of chemical equation |
reactant |
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Substance capable of dissolving another substance |
solvent |
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When a polar molecule surrounds charged or polar molecules to keep them dissolved in a solution |
sphere of hydration |
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molecules that share a chemical formula but differ in the placement of their chemical bonds |
structural isomers |
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hydrocarbon chain or ring containing an atom of another element in place of one of the backbone carbons |
substituted hydrocarbon |
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tensio at the surface of a body of liquid that prevents molecules from separating |
Surface tension |
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How is surface tension created? |
attracted cohesive forces between molecules of liquid |
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outermost shell of an atom |
valence shell |
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very weak interaction between molecules due to temporary attracting atoms that are very close together |
van der Waals interaction |
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core of atom |
nucleus |
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What bond is formed when electrons are shared equally between them |
Non polar covalent bond |
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uncharged particle |
neutron |
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two or more atoms bonded |
molecule |
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total number of protons and neutrons in an atom |
mass number |
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What is matter? |
anything that has mass and occupies space |
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What is the chemical law that states the rate of a reaction is proportional to the concentration of the reacting substances |
law of mass action |
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one or more forms of an element with different numbers of neutrons |
isotopes |
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molecules that differ from each other but share the same chemical formula |
isomers |
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chemical bond that forms between ions with opposite charges |
ionic bond |
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atom that does not contain equal numbers of protons and electrons |
ion |
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element with filled outer electron shell that is unreactive with other atoms |
inert gas |
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Hydrophobic vs. hydrophilic |
non polar that does not like water polar that likes water |
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allows ions and polar molecules to dissolve in water |
hydrogen bond |
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molecule that consists of only carbon and hydrogen |
hydrocarbon |
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high amount of energy required for liquid to turn into vapor |
heat of vaporization of water |
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isomer that differs in the placement of atoms |
geometric isomer |
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group of atoms that provides or imparts a specific function to a carbon |
functional group |
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separation of individual molecules from the surface |
evaporation |
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steady state of relative reactant and product concentration in reversible chemical reactions in a closed system |
equilibrium |
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make up matter? |
elements |
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cannot be broken down into smaller substances |
elements |
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ability of some elements to attract electrons and acquire partial charges |
electronegativity |
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molecules that share overall structure and bonding patterns but offer into how the atoms are 3D placed |
enantiomers |
