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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Whats a pathogen? |
A disease producing agent. |
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Describe Innate |
First line of defence, Broad, non-specifics. -Skin and body secretions -Inflammation -Proteins -Phagocytes |
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Describe Acquired |
Second Line of Defence Tangelled, Specific -Antibody -Cellular |
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What is attachment? ( a stage of virus cycles ) |
Proteins in the tails recognize proteins on the host cell. |
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What is Entry? ( a stage of virus cycles ) |
Virus inserts its nucleic acid into host cell |
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What is Replication? ( a stage of virus cycles ) |
viral nucleic acid uses cells machinery to copy its DNA |
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What is Assembly? ( a stage of virus cycles ) |
Protein capsid are made from virus intruction |
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What is Lysis? ( a stage of virus cycles ) |
host cell ruptures release new virus particles |
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Formation of a provirus ( a stage of virus cycles ) |
viral nucleic acid inserts int hose chromosome, making a provirus |
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Reverse Transcription ( a stage of virus cycles ) |
uses special enzyme called "reverse transcriptase" to convert viral RNA into DNA and camoflauge it completely. |
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three things that viruses are composed of. |
-nucleic acid ( DNA / RNA ) -protein capsid (protects DNA) -membraneous envelope. |
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4 types of virus shapes |
1.poly hedral ( many sides) 2.helical ( cylindrical ) 3. circular 4. Complex ( alien looking thing with the pentagon and 3 legs. |
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name the three cycles of virus replication |
1. Lytic cycle 2. Lysogenic cycle 3. Retroviral Cycle |
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5 shapes of bacteria |
1. Cocci (spheres) 2. Bacilli (rod shaped) 3. Vibrio (comma shaped) 4. spirilla (spirals 5. spirochaetes (coiled) |
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4 types of bacteria clustering |
1. Exiting in singles ( mono- ) 2. Other form pairs ( diplo- ) 3. chains ( strepto- ) 4. clusters ( staphylo- ) |
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The most common procedure used to characterise bacteria is the... |
Gram Stain |
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Gram positive bacteria will stain... |
purple |
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Gram negative bacteria will stain |
pink |
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Explain Gram Positive bacteria |
Gram-positive bacteria have a thicker, more dense cell wall that holds in the violet stain, causing them to remain purple |
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Explain Gram Negative bacteria |
Gram-negative bacteria have a thinner cell wall involving more membranes, which allows the violet stain to leave and the cells appear pink instead |
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Vaccines contain... |
dead or disabled pathogen |
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Once the aquired immune system has been exposed to the pathogen, it produces.... |
memory cells |
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What is active immunity? |
Speeds up the bodies response to the pathogens preventing infection. |
