Bio 1080 Chapter 6

Front 1

cell theory

Back 1

all organisms are made of cells, all cells come from cells- therefore, all cells today represent a continuous line of descent from the first living cells

Front 2

prokaryotes

Back 2

bacteria and archaea

Front 3

eukaryotes

Back 3

protists, fungi, animals, and plants

Front 4

eukaryotic cells have _________ ____________ that compartmentalize their functions

Back 4

internal membranes

Front 5

plasma membrane

Back 5

phospholipid bilayer embedded with proteins

Front 6

cytosol

Back 6

semifluid substance (the liquid portion of the cytoplasm)

Front 7

chromosomes

Back 7

carry genes

Front 8

ribosomes

Back 8

make proteins

Front 9

characteristics of prokaryotic cells

Back 9

no nucleus, DNA in unbound region called neucleoid, no membrane-bound organelles, cytoplasm bound by the plasma membrane

Front 10

characteristics of eukaryotic cells

Back 10

DNA in a membrane-bound nucleus, onther membrane-bound organelles, cytoplasm in the region between the plasma membrane and the nucleus, generally much larger than prokaryotic cells

Front 11

surface area to volume ratio

Back 11

as a cell increases in size, the volume increases 10x faster than the surface area

Front 12

small cells have _________ surface area relative to ________

Back 12

greater, volume

Front 13

plant and animal cells have most of the same ____________

Back 13

organelles

Front 14

the eukaryotic cell's genetic instructions are housed in the _________ and carried out by the __________

Back 14

nucleus, ribosomes

Front 15

nuclear envelope

Back 15

nuclear membrane composed of 2 phospholipid bylayers

Front 16

nuclear pores

Back 16

control passage of molecules in and out

Front 17

nucleus

Back 17

stores the genetic material of the cell in the form of multiple, linear chromosomes

Front 18

in ____________ the DNA is organized with proteins to form ____________

Back 18

chromosomes, chromatin

Front 19

nuclear lamina

Back 19

maintains the shape of the nucleus, is composed of protein- found just inside the inner membrane of the nuclear envelope

Front 20

nucleolis

Back 20

region where ribosomal RNA synthesis takes place

Front 21

ribosomes

Back 21

particles made of of ribosomal RNA and protein

Front 22

ribosomes carry out protein synthesis in the _________ and _______________

Back 22

cytosol (free ribosomes), on the outside of the ER or the nuclear envelope (bound ribosomes)

Front 23

endomembrane system

Back 23

series of membranes throughout the cytoplasm

Front 24

endomembrane system functions

Back 24

regulates protein traffic and performs metabolic functions in the cell, divides cell into compartments where different cellular functions occur

Front 25

components of the endomembrane system

Back 25

nuclear envelope, endoplasmic rediculum, golgi apparatus, lysosomes, vacuoles, plasma membrane

Front 26

components of the endomembrane system are either continuous or connected via transfer by ____________

Back 26

vesicles

Front 27

endoplasmic reticulum (ER)

Back 27

membranes creating a network of channels through the cytoplasm, is continuous with the nuclear membrane

Front 28

smoth ER

Back 28

lacks ribosomes- synthesizes lipids, detoxifies drugs and poisons, stores calcium ions

Front 29

rough ER

Back 29

surface is studded with ribosomes- has bound ribosomes which secrete glycoproteins (proteins covalently bonded to carbs), sythesis and distribution of proteins to be secreted (sent to lysosomes, vacuoles, or the plasma membrane), is a membrane factory for the cell

Front 30

golgi apparatus

Back 30

consists of flattened stacks of interconnected membranes- modifies the products of the ER, synthesis of cell wall components, sorts and packages materials into transport vesicles

Front 31

cis face

Back 31

receiving side of the golgi apparatus

Front 32

trans face

Back 32

shipping side of the golgi apparatus