Bio 102 - Test 3

Front 1

Which of the following is an ongoing trend in the evolution of land plants?
a) decrease in the size of the leaf
b) reduction of the gametophyte phase of the life cycle
c) elimination of sperm cells or sperm nuclei
d) increasing reliance on water to bring sperm and egg together
e) replacement of roots by rhizoids

Back 1

***reduction of the gametophyte phase of the life cycle

Front 2

All of the following cellular structures are found in cells of angiosperms and gymnosperm gametophytes EXCEPT
a) haploid nuclei
b) mitochondria
c) cell walls
d) chloroplasts
e) peroxisomes

Back 2

haploid nuclei

Front 3

The polarity of a plant is established when
A) the zygote divides
B) cotyledons form at the shoot end of the embryo
C) the shoot-root axis is established in the embryo
D) the primary root breaks through the seed coat
E) the shoot first breaks through the soil into the light as the seed germinates

Back 3

The zygote divides

Front 4

In addition to seeds, which of the following are unique to the seed-producing plants?
a) a haploid gametophyte retained within tissues of the diploid sporophyte.
b) lignin present in cell walls
c)pollen
d) A and C only
e) A, B, an4d C

Back 4

a & c
a) A haploid gametophyte retained within tissues of the diploid sporophyte. AND
c) pollen

Front 5

In Seed plants, which structure or material is considered part of a pollen grain?
A) sporophyll
B) male gametophyte
C) sporopollenin
D) stigma
E) both B and C

Back 5

Answer is E:
Both B and C
male gametophyte and sporopollenin

Front 6

In terms of alternation of generations, the pollen grains of seed-producing plants are most similar to:
A) moss sporophyte
B) moss gametophyte bearing both male and female gametangia
C) fern sporophyte
D) hermaphroditic fern gametophyte
E) fern gametophyte that will bear only antheridia

Back 6

fern gametophyte that will bear only antheridia

Front 7

Gymnosperms differ from both extinct and extant ferns because they:
A) are woody
B) have macrophylls
C) have pollen
D) have sporophylls
E) have spores

Back 7

have pollen

Front 8

The main way that pine trees disperse their offspring is by using:

A) Fruits that are eaten by animals
B) spores
C) squirrels that bury cones
D) windblown seeds
E) flagellated sperm swimming through water

Back 8

windblown seeds

Front 9

Generally, wind pollination is most likely to be found in plants that grow:

A) close to the ground
B) in dense, single-species stands
C) in relative isolation from other members of the same species
D) along coastlines where prevailing winds blow from the land out to sea.
E) in well-drained soils

Back 9

in dense, single-species stands

Front 10

Which structure is common to both gymnosperms and angiosperms.
A) male strobilus
B) carpel
C) ovule
D) ovary
E) anthers

Back 10

ovule

Front 11

What is true of stamens, sepals, petals, and pine cone scales?
A) They are female reproductive parts.
B) None of capable of photosynthesis.
C) They are modified leaves
D) They are found on flowers
E) They are found on angiosperms

Back 11

They are modified leaves

Front 12

All of the following are characteristic of angiosperms EXCEPT:
A) coevolution with animal pollinators.
B) double internal fertilization
C) free-living gametophytes
D) styles and stigmas
E) Fruit

Back 12

free-living gametophytes

Front 13

All of the following are sporophyte structures EXCEPT:
A) immature ovules
B) pollen tubes
C) ovaries
D) stamen
E) sepals

Back 13

pollen tubes

Front 14

Angiosperms are the most successful terrestrial plants. The success is due to all of the following EXCEPT:
A) animal pollination
B) reduced gametophytes
C) fruits enclosing seeds
D) highly efficient xylem
E) sperm cells with flagella

Back 14

sperm cells with flagella

Front 15

Over human history, which process has been most important in improving the features of plants that have long been used by humans as staple foods?:
A) genetic engineering
B) artificial selection
C) natural selection
D) sexual selection
E) pesticide and herbicide

Back 15

artificial selection

Front 16

What is the greatest threat to plant diversity?
A) insects
B) grazing and browsing by animals
C) pathogenic fungi
D) competition with other plants
E) human population growth

Back 16

human population growth

Front 17

Which of the following is NOT a valid argument for preserving tropical forests?
A) people in the tropics do not need to increase agricultural output
B) Many organisms are becoming extinct.
C)Plants that are possible sources of medicines are being lost.
D) Plants that could be developed into new crops are being lost.
E) Clearing land for agriculture results in soil destruction

Back 17

People in the tropics do not need to increase agricultural output.

Front 18

Which of the following characteristic of alternation of generations of land plants?
A) haploid sporophytes make haploid spores.
B) gametophytes produce spores that develop into gametes
C) sporophytes and gametophytes are typically similar in appearance
D) meiosis in sporophytes produces haploid spores.
E) either the gametophyte or the sporophyte is unicellular

Back 18

meiosis in sporophytes produces haploid spores.

Front 19

Bryophytes have all of the following characteristics EXCEPT:
A) multicellularity
B) specialized cells and tissues
C) lignified and vascular tissue
D) walled spores in sporangia
E) a reduced, dependent sporophyte

Back 19

lignified and vascular tissue

Front 20

Plant spores give rise directly to
A) sporophytes
B) gametes
C) gametophytes
D) sporophylls
E) seeds

Back 20

gametophytes

Front 21

Each of the following is a general characteristic of bryophytes EXCEPT:
A) a cellulose cell wall
B) vascular tissue
C) chlorophylls a and b
D) being photosynthetic autotrophs
E) being eukaryotic.

Back 21

vascular tissue

Front 22

The following characteristics all helped seedless plants become better-adapted to land EXCEPT:
A) a dominant gametophyte
B) vascular tissue
C) a waxy cuticle
D) stomata
E) a branched sporophyte

Back 22

a dominant gametophyte

Front 23

If a fern gametophyte is a hermaphrodite (that is, both male and female gametangia on the same plant), then it:
A) belongs to a species that is homosporous
B) must be diploid
C) has lost the need for a sporophyte generation
D) has antheridia and archegonia combined into a single sex organ
E) is a mutant, because fern gametophytes are always either male or female.

Back 23

belongs to a species that is homosporous

Front 24

Which of these characteristics is shared by algae and seed plants?
A) embryo development within gametangia
B) roots and shoots
C) vascular tissue
D) pollen
E) Chloroplasts

Back 24

Chloroplasts

Front 25

A heterosporous plant is one that
A) produces a gametophyte that bears both antheridia and archegonia.
B) produces microspores and megspores, which give rise to male and female gametophytes.
C) produces spores all year long instead of during just one season
D) produces two kinds of spores, one aesexually by mitosis and the other sexually by meisosis.
E) reproduces only sexually.

Back 25

produces microspores and megspores, which give rise to male and female gametophytes.

Front 26

During the Carboniferous period, the dominant plants were:
A) giant lycophytes, horsetails, and ferns.
B) conifers
C) angiosperms
D) charophyceans
E) early seed plants

Back 26

giant lycophytes, horsetails, and ferns.

Front 27

Which part of a plant absorbs most of the water and minerals taken ujp from the soil?
A) taproots
B) root hairs
C) the thick parts of the roots near the base of the stem
D) storage roots
E) sections of the root that have secondary xylem

Back 27

root hairs

Front 28

An evolutionary adaption that increases exposure of a plant to light in a dense forest is
A) closing of the stomata.
B) lateral buds
C) apical dominance
D) absence of petioles
E) intercalary meristems

Back 28

apical dominance

Front 29

Vascular plant tissue includes all of the following cell types EXCEPT:
A) vessel elements
B) sieve cells only
C) tracheids
D) companion cells
E) cambium cells

Back 29

cambium cells

Front 30

Which functional plant cells lack a nucleus?
A) xylem only
B) sieve cells only
C) companion cells only
D) both compnanion and parenchyma cells
E) both xylem and sieve-tube cells

Back 30

both xylem and sieve-tube cells

Front 31

Long thin tapered cells with lignified cell walls that function in support and permit water to flow through pits:
A) parenchyma
B) collenchyma
C) sclerenchyma
D) tracheids
E) sieve cells

Back 31

tracheids

Front 32

Living cells that lack nuclei and ribosomes; they transport sugars and other organic nutrients:
A) parenchyma
B) collenchyma
C) sclerenchyma
D) tracheids
E) sieve cells

Back 32

sieve cells

Front 33

The least specialized plant cells, which serve general metabolic, synthetic, and storage functions:
A) parenchyma
B) collenchyma
C) sclerenchyma
D) tracheids
E) sieve cells

Back 33

parenchyma

Front 34

Cells with unevenly thickened primary walls that support still-elongating parts of the plant"
A) parenchyma
B) collenchyma
C) sclerenchyma
D) tracheids
E) sieve cells

Back 34

collenchyma

Front 35

Mature cells without protoplasts with thick, lignified secondary walls that may or may not function in transport.
A) perenchyma
B) collenchyma
C) sclerenchyma
D) tracheids
E) sieve cells

Back 35

sclerenchyma

Front 36

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of parenchyma cells?
A) thin primary walls
B) flexible primary walls
C) lack of specialization
D) lack of secondary walls
E) little metabolism and synthesis

Back 36

little metabolism and synthesis

Front 37

The fiber cells of plants are a type of:
A) parenchyma
B) collenchyma
C) sclerenchyma
D) meristematic cell
E) phloem

Back 37

sclerenchyma

Front 38

The photosynthetic cells in the interior of a leaf are what kind of cells?
A) parenchyma
B) collenchyma
C) sclerenchyma
D) phloem
E) endodermis

Back 38

parenchyma

Front 39

Shoot elongation in a growing bud is due primarily to
A) cell division at the shoot apical meristem
B) cell elongation directly behind the shoot apical meristem
C) cell division localized in each internode
D) cell elongation localized in each internode
E) A and B only

Back 39

cell elongation localized in each internode

Front 40

Pores on the leaf surface that function in gas exchange are called:
A) hairs
B) xylem cells
C) phloem cells
D) stomata
E) sclereids

Back 40

stomata

Front 41

As a youngster, you drive a nail in the trunk of a young tree that is 3 meters tall. The nail is about 1.5 meters from the ground. Fifteen years later, you return and discover the tree has grown to a height of 30 meters. The nail is now ____ meters above the ground.
A) 0.5
B) 1.5
C) 3.0
D) 15.0
E) 28.5

Back 41

1.5

Front 42

Secondary growth never occurs in:
A) stems
B) roots
C) leaves
D) stems and leaves
E) roots and leaves

Back 42

leaves

Front 43

_____ provides cells for primary growth.
A) lateral meristems
B) apical meristems
C) vascular cambium
D) cork cambium
E) xylem

Back 43

apical meristems

Front 44

Which of the following tissues is INCORRECTLY matched with its characteristics?
A) collenchyma-uniformly thick walled supportive tissue
B) epidermis-protective outer covering of plant body
C) sclerenchyma-heavily lignified secondary walls
D) meristematic tissue-undifferentiated tissue capable of cell division.
E) parenchyma-thin-walled, loosely packed, unspecialized cells

Back 44

A) Collenchyma-uniformly thick walled supportive tissue

Front 45

The vascular bundle in the shape of a single central cylinder in a root is called the
A) cortex
B) stele
C) endodermis
D) periderm
E) pith

Back 45

stele

Front 46

One important difference between the anatomy of roots and the anatomy of leaves is that:
A) only leaves have phloem and only roots have xylem.
B) the cells of roots have cell walls and leaf cells do not.
C) a waxy cuticle covers leaves but is absent in roots
D) vascular tissue is found in roots but is absent from leaves
E) leaves have epidermal tissue but roots do not.

Back 46

a waxy cuticle covers leaves but is absent in roots

Front 47

A student examining leaf cross sections under a microscope finds many loosely packed cells with relatively thin cell walls. The cells have numerous chloroplasts. What type of cells are these?
A) parenchyma
B) xylem
C) endodermis
D) collenchyma
E) sclerenchyma

Back 47

parenchyma

Front 48

Which of the following is TRUE about secondary growth.
A) flowers may have secondary growth
B) secondary growth is a common feature of eudicot leaves.
C) Secondary growth is produced by both the vascular cambium and the cork cambium
D) primary growth and secondary growth are typically the smallest ones in an ecosystem
E) plants with secondary growth are typically the smallest ones in an ecosystem.

Back 48

Secondary growth is produced by both the vascular cambium and the cork cambium

Front 49

A friend has discovered a new plant and brings it to you to classify. The plant has the following characteristics: a taproot system with growth rings evident in cross section and a layer of bark around the outside. Which of the following best describes the new plant?
A) herbaceous eudicot
B) woody eudicot
C) woody monocot
D) herbaceous monocot
E)woody annual

Back 49

B) woody eudicot

Front 50

The driving force that pushes the root tip through the soil is due primarily to
A) continuous cell division
B) in the root cap at the tip of the root
B) continuous cell division just behind the root cap in the center of the apical meristem
C) elongation of cells behind the root apical meristem
D) A and B only
E) A, B and C

Back 50

elongation of cells behind the root apical meristem

Front 51

Auxiliary Buds
A) are initiated by the cork cambium
B) develop from meristematic cells left by the apical meristem
C) are composed of a series of internodes lacking notes.
D) grow immediately into shoot branches
E) do not form a vascular connection with the primary shoot.

Back 51

develop from meristematic cells left by the apical meristem

Front 52

Gas exchange, necessary for photosynthesis, can occur most easily in which leaf tissue
A) epidermis
B) plaisade mesophyll
C) spongy mesophyll
D) vasuclar tissue
E) bundle sheath

Back 52

spongy mesophyll

Front 53

Which of the following is INCORRECTLY paired with its structure and function?
A) sclerenchyma-supporting cells with thick secondary walls
B) periderm-protective coat of wood stems and roots
C) pericycle-waterproof ring of cells surrounding the central stele in roots
D) mesophyll-parenchyma cells functioning in photosynthesis in leaves
E) ground meristem-primary meristem that produces the ground tissue

Back 53

pericycle-waterproof ring of cells surrounding the central stele in roots

Front 54

All of the following cell types are correctly matched with their functions except
A) mesophyll-photosynthesis
B) guard cell - regulation of tranpiration
C) sieve -tube member -translocation
D) vessel element -water transport
E) companion-cell formation of sceondary xylem and phloem

Back 54

companion-cell formation of sceondary xylem and phloem

Front 55

How is the supply of vascular cambium maintained? By the differentiation of:
A) the secondary xylem
B)The secondary phloem
C) cork
D) the division of cells
E) apical meristem

Back 55

the division of cells

Front 56

Like many plant processes, transport of various materials in plants at the cellular level requires all of the following EXCEPT:
A) a proton gradient
B)ATP
C) specific membrane proteins
D) active transport
E) xylem membranes

Back 56

E) xylem membranes

Front 57

The amount and direction of movement of water in plants can ALWAYS be predicted by measuring which of the following
A)air pressure
B)rainfall
C) proton gradients
D) dissolved solutes
E) water potential

Back 57

water potential

Front 58

Compared to a cell with few aquaporins in its membrane, a cell containing many aquaporins will
A) have a faster rate of osmosis
B) have a lower water potential
C) have a higher water potential
D) have a faster rate of active transport
E) be flaccid

Back 58

have a faster rate of osmosis

Front 59

Root hairs are most important to a plant because they
A) anchor a plant in the soil
B) store starches
C) increase the surface area for absorption
D) provide a habitat for nitrogen-fixing bacteria
E) contain xylem tissue.

Back 59

increase the surface area for absorption

Front 60

Pine seedlings grown in sterile potting soil grow much slower than seedlings grown in soil from the area where the seeds were collected. This is most likely because :
A) the sterilization process kills the root hairs as the emerge from the seedling
B) the normal symbiotic fungi are not presnet in the sterilized soil
C) sterilization removes essential nutrients from the soil
D) water and mineral uptake is faster when mycorrhizae are present
E) both B and D

Back 60

both B and D

Front 61

What is the man cause of guttarion in plants?
A) root pressure
B) transpiration
C) pressure flow in phloem
D) plant injury
E) condensation of atmospheric water

Back 61

root pressure

Front 62

What is the main force by which most of the water within xylem vessels moves toward the top of a tree?
A) active transport of ions into the stele
B) atmospheric pressure on roots
C) evaporation of water through stoma
D) the force of root pressure
E) osmosis in the root

Back 62

evaporation of water through stoma

Front 63

Which of the following has the LOWEST (most negative) water potential?
A) soil
B) root xylem
C) trunk xylem
D) leaf cell walls
E) leaf air spaces

Back 63

leaf air spaces

Front 64

Transpiration in plants requires all of the following EXCEPT
A) adhesion of water molecules to cellulose
B) cohesion between water molecules
C) evaporation of water molecules
D) Active transport through xylem cells
E) transport through tracheids

Back 64

Active transport through xylem cells

Front 65

All of the following normally enter the plant through the roots EXCEPT
A) carbon dioxide
B) nitrogen
C) potassium
D) water
E) calcium

Back 65

carbon dioxide

Front 66

Photosynthesis begins to decline when leaves wilt because
A) flaccid cells are incapable of photosynthesis
B) CO2 accumulates in the leaves and inhibits photosynthesis
C) There is insufficient water for photolysis during light reaction
D) stomata close, preventing CO2 entry into the leaf
E) the chlorophyll of flaccid cells cannot absorb light.

Back 66

stomata close, preventing CO2 entry into the leaf