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61 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Hormones are produced from A. endocerine glands B. exocrine glands |
Endocrine glands
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which type of hormone requires a second messenger to effect (bring about) a response in the target cell A. peptide hormones B. neurotransmitters C. steroids |
a. peptide hormones (water soluble) |
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Which of the following acts as the neural-endocrine control center a. hypothalamus b. pituitary c. thyroid d. A&B e. A & C |
D. hypothalamus and pituitary |
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Which of the following produces many hormones that regulate the production of hormones from other glands a. hypothalamus b. posterior pituitary c. anterior pituitary d. thyroid |
c. anterior pituitary |
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Which acts by diffusing across the cell membrane and binding to receptors which then directly affect gene expression? a. steroids b. neurotransmitters c. peptides d. A&C |
a. Steroids |
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Exocrine glands secrete all of the following except a. mucus b. hormones c. milk d. earwax |
b. hormones
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Which statement about Type II diabetes is not true? a. is referred to as non-insulin dependent b. glucose builds up in the blood and urine c. is due to insulin deficiency d. all are true |
c. Due to insulin deficiency |
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Which gland responds to prolonged stress? a. pineal b. thyroid c. adrenal |
Adrenal |
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The adrenal glands are located: a. in the brain b. in the neck c. on the kidneys d. under the stomach |
C. on the kidneys |
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The pituitary detects a rising hormone concentration in the blood and inhibits the gland from secreting the hormone. This is an example of a _______ feedback loop. |
Negative |
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Which of the following produces melatonin? a. hypothalamus b. thyroid c. pineal d. pancreas |
c. Pineal
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If there is something wrong with your parathyroid glands, the most likely effect is on: a. glucose levels in the blood b. kidneys c. calcium absorption and release d. metabolic rate |
c. calcium absorption and release |
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Which statement about the endocrine system and hormones is not true? a. hormone levels are typically regulated via negative feedback loops b. hormones act much more slowly than neural impulses c. hormones are analogous to neurotransmitters and the action of the nervous system d. all are true |
All are true |
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There is a disease called pseudopseudohypoparathyroidism (T/F) |
True |
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Peptide hormones effect a change more quickly than steroid hormones (T/F) |
True |
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Thyroid hormones are: a. water-soluble b. lipid soluble |
b. lipid soluble |
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Glial (neuroglial) cells are excitable (T/F) |
False |
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The central nervous system consists of: a. brain b. spinal chord c. sensory neurons d. a & b e. a, b, & c |
brain and spinal chord |
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Transmission of a signal along a neuron is ___ while transmission from one neuron to another is ___. a. chemical, electrical b. electrical, chemical c. electrical, mechanical |
b. electrical, chemical |
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The molecules involved in synapse transmission are: a. sodium ions b. peptide hormones c. neurotransmitters |
c. neurotransmitters |
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Within a single motor neuron, the direction an impulse follows is: a. dendrite> axon > cell body b. axon > dendrite > cell body c. dendrite > cell body > axon d. cell body > dendrite > axon |
c. dendrite > cell body > axon |
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The autonomic nervous system is involuntary (T/F) |
True |
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Higher cognitive functioning takes place in the: a. hindbrain b. midbrain c. forebrain |
C. Forebrain |
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The flight or fight responses are invoked by the ___ nervous system |
Sympathetic |
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typical neuron structure |
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Know resting and action potential on the graph |
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What happens at the peak of the action potential? a. sodium potassium pumps are active b. potassium gates close and sodium gates open c. sodium gates close and potassium gates open d. positive feedback begins e. both potassium and sodium gates close |
C. sodium gates close and potassium gates open |
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What is the function of the myelin sheath (Schwann cell) and how does it work?
(short answer) |
-It is composed of fatty material that coats section of the axon and is interrupted by nodes of Ranvier. -The myelin prevents ion flow across the membrane. -The gaps in sheath have high densities of sodium channels. -When an action potential occurs at one node, sodium entering the axon diffuses to the next node. -incoming sodium depolarizes the membrane and stimulates the sodium channels to open at the second node triggering action potential there -In this way the neural impulse jumps from node to node, up to 100 times faster than unmyelinated axons. |
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Do neurons expend energy even when not in acting potential?
Include resting potential, the sodium pump, and action potential
(short answer) |
Yes...
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What is the difference between lipid soluble and water soluble hormones?
(short answer, this card explains water soluble)
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Water soluble (peptide) hormones cannot pass readily through the cell membrane but instead bind to receptors on the surface of target cells. The receptor protein contacts the "G protein" that stimulates an enzyme to convert to ATP to another molecule "cAMP". This product is the second messenger and is the molecule that actually provokes the cells response -faster than lipid soluble because participating biochemicals are already in place |
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What is the difference between lipid soluble and water soluble hormones?
(short answer, this card explains lipid soluble)
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Lipid soluble (steroid) hormones cross through the cell membrane with no second messenger involved. Within the cell the hormone may enter the nucleus and bind to a receptor with the associated DNA, triggering the production of proteins that carry out the target cells response. - slower because the cell must produce new proteins before the hormone can take effect. |
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What are the two major organs that constitute the Immune system |
lymphatic and circulatory |
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What are the two major components of the vertebrate immune system |
Innate and adaptive |
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Innate or adaptive?
Complement system |
innate |
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Innate or Adaptive? B Cells
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Adaptive |
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Innate or Adaptive?
inflammation |
innate |
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Innate or Adaptive?
Micro Biota |
Innate |
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Innate or Adaptive?
T Cell |
Adaptive |
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Innate or Adaptive?
Skin |
Innate |
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Innate or Adaptive?
Antibodies |
Adaptive |
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Innate or Adaptive?
Fever |
Innate |
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In what part of your body are lymphatic systems and circulatory systems physically connect? |
lymphnodes |
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Distinguish between:
Innate and Adaptive |
Innate defenses are non-specific and act earlier, always present and ready to function
Adaptive defenses against specific pathogens. Two classes of lymphocytes (T and B Cells) provide the ammunition for these precision defenses |
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Distinguish between
humoral and cell mediated |
Cell mediated- defensive cells kill body cells that are defective or have already been infected by a pathogen Humoral immunity- relies primarily on secreted antibodies |
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Distinguish between:
antibody and antigen
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Antigen is any molecule that stimulates and immune reaction by B and T Cells
Antibodies are Y shaped proteins that recognize specific antigens |
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Distinguish between:
passive and acquired humoral immunity |
Passive: person receives intact antibodies from another individual (ex. infant from mother's breast milk) Active: results from body's own production of antibodies after exposure to antigens in the environment |
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Distinguish between:
Primary and secondary immune systems |
Primary is the adaptive immune systems first reaction to a nonself antigen.
Secondary uses memory cells so that the system's reaction the next time it detects the same antigen is stronger than the primary response. |
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Identify whether the following components of your immune system are molecules, cells, tissues, organs or organ systems.
Thymus |
Organ |
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Identify whether the following components of your immune system are molecules, cells, tissues, organs or organ systems. Antibodies
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molecules |
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Identify whether the following components of your immune system are molecules, cells, tissues, organs or organ systems. Bone marrow |
tissue |
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Identify whether the following components of your immune system are molecules, cells, tissues, organs or organ systems. spleen |
organ |
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Identify whether the following components of your immune system are molecules, cells, tissues, organs or organ systems. B Cells |
Cells
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Identify whether the following components of your immune system are molecules, cells, tissues, organs or organ systems. T Regs |
Cells |
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Identify whether the following components of your immune system are molecules, cells, tissues, organs or organ systems. Cytokines |
molecules |
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Identify whether the following components of your immune system are molecules, cells, tissues, organs or organ systems. interferons |
molecules |
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Identify whether the following components of your immune system are molecules, cells, tissues, organs or organ systems. basophils |
cells |
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Identify whether the following components of your immune system are molecules, cells, tissues, organs or organ systems. histamines |
molecule |
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Are you born with an innate or adaptive system |
Innate |
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Which is required to invoke secondary immune response a. helper T cells b. memory B and T cells |
b. memory B and T cells |
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a) innate b) adaptive c) B cells d) t cells e) antibodies f) helper t cells |
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Define hormone
(possible short answer) |
biochemical that travels in the bloodstream and alters the metabolism of one or more cells. |
