Bio 102 - Nervous System

Front 1

Vagosympathetic Trunk

Back 1

Location: Alongside common carotid artery

F(x): Conveys vagus nerve and sympathetic trunk

Front 2

Ansa subclavia

Back 2

Origin: ganglion cords arising from the middle cervical ganglion

Supposedly innervates sternohyoid, sternothyroid, thyrohyoid and geniohyoid muscles

Front 3

Middle Cervical Ganglion***

Back 3

Ganglion in contact with the vagus. Sends gray rami communicantes to C5C6

Front 4

Inferior cervical ganglion

Back 4

Lies against neck muscles between 1st and 2nd ribs. Innervates the heart (SA and AV nodes via coronary arteries)

Front 5

Vagus nerve

Back 5

Branches from vagosympathetic trunk.

Front 6

Sympathetic trunk

Back 6

Origin: vagosympathetic trunk

Innervates: esophagus

Front 7

Recurrent nerve

Back 7

Originates from the vagus nerve. Innervates and receives impulses from the larynx

Front 8

Pulmonary Plexus***

Back 8

Originates from vagus. Found at the roots of the lungs

Front 9

Cardiac Plexus

Back 9

Origginates from vagus. Found at the bases of the aorta and pulmonary arteries. Innervates the heart muscles.

Front 10

Dorsal branch & Ventral branch of the vagus nerve

Back 10

divides into branches past the roots of the lungs

Front 11

Dorsal divsion & ventral division of the vagus nerve

Back 11

Passes through the diaphragm. Innervates the visceral organs of the thorax and abdomen, larynx, pharynx, taste buds

Front 12

Intercostal nerve

Back 12

Found in the posterior side of each rib. Innervates rib interspaces

Front 13

Phrenic Nerve

Back 13

From C5C6, found in the thorax ventral to the roots of hte lungs. Innervates diaphragm (motor nerve)

Front 14

Suprascapular Nerve

Back 14

From C6, passes between supraspinatus and subscapular. Innervates supraspinatus and infraspinatus muscles

Front 15

Ventral Thoracic Nerve 1

Back 15

From C7. Innervates pectoral muscles

Front 16

Ventral Thoracic Nerve 2

Back 16

From C8T1. Innervates pectoral muscles

Front 17

Subscapular Nerve 1

Back 17

From C6. Innervates subscapular muscle

Front 18

Subscapular Nerve 2

Back 18

From C7. Innervates teres major

Front 19

Subscapular Nerve 3

Back 19

From C7 & C8. Innervates internal surface of latissimus dorsi

Front 20

Axillary nerve

Back 20

From C7. Innervates deltoid muscles

Front 21

Long thoracic nerve

Back 21

From C7. Passes internal to scalenes to vertical column

Front 22

Musculocutaneous nerve

Back 22

From C6C7. Innervates biceps and a posterior branch innervates the skin of forearm

Front 23

Radial Nerve

Back 23

From C7C8T1. Innervates forelimb muscles

Front 24

Median Nerve

Back 24

From C7C8T1. Innervates limb distal to elbow. Forms the latest

Front 25

Ulnar Nerve

Back 25

From T1. Innervates limb distal to elbow. Flat.

Front 26

Medial Cutaneous Nerve

Back 26

From T1. Innervates skin of forearm

Front 27

Ventral Gastric Plexus

Back 27

Innervates the lesser curvature of the stomach

Front 28

Dorsal Gastric Plexus

Back 28

Innervates the greater curvature of the stomach

Front 29

Greater splanchnic nerve

Back 29

Originates from sympathetic trunk and passes obliquely ventrally to diaphragm. Innervates the crura of the diaphragm

Front 30

Lesser splanchnic nerve

Back 30

Originates from sympathetic trunk, posterior to greater splanchnic nerve. Innervates the crura of the diaphragm

Front 31

Coeliac ganglion

Back 31

Found along coeliac artery. Innervates most of the digestive tract. Forms coeliac plexus with the nerves going towards the stomach. Forms solar plexuswhen coeliac plexus connects with gastric plexus

Front 32

Superior Mesenteric Ganglion

Back 32

Found along superior mesenteric artery. Innervates part of the large intestine.

Front 33

Inferior Mesenteric Ganglion

Back 33

Found along inferior mesenteric artery. Innervates the transverse colon, descending colon and rectum.

Front 34

L1, L2, L3

Back 34

Innervates the muscles and skin of the abdominal wall. With a more anterior median branch and a more posterior lateral branch.

Front 35

Lateral cutaneous nerve

Back 35

From L4. Innervates the thigh

Front 36

Genitofemoral nerve

Back 36

From L4L5. Innervates the thigh and the abdominal wall of the inguinal region

Front 37

Femoral Nerve

Back 37

From L5L6. Innervates adjacent muscles of the thigh

Front 38

Saphenous Nerve

Back 38

From L5L6. Continuation of femoral nerve. Innervates the shank and the foot

Front 39

Obturator Nerve

Back 39

From L6L7. Innervates gracilis and other muscles. Passes through the obturator foramen of the pelvic girdle

Front 40

Sciatic Nerve

Back 40

From L6L7S1S2. Massive nerve that goes dorsal, towards the biceps femoris. Innervates thigh muscles

Front 41

Gluteal nerves

Back 41

From L6L7S1S2. Innervates gluteus muscles

Front 42

Peroneal nerve

Back 42

From L6L7S1S2. Lateral branch of sciatic nerve. Innervates biceps femoris and gastrocnemius

Front 43

Tibial nerve

Back 43

From L6L7S1S2. Medial branch of sciatic nerve. Innervates between the two heads of the gastrocnemius

Front 44

Pudendal Nerve

Back 44

From S2S3, sometimes sciatic. Innervates rectum and urogenital organs

Front 45

Posterior cutaneous nerve

Back 45

From S2S3. Innervates the biceps femoris

Front 46

Inferior Hemorrhoidal Nerve

Back 46

From S1S2S3. Innervates urinary bladder and rectum

Front 47

Dura Mater

(cat brain)

Back 47

Outermost protection of brain. Separated from arachnoid via subdural space

Front 48

Arachnoid

(cat brain)

Back 48

Separates the dura mater from pia mater. Separated from the pia mater via subarachnoid space.

Front 49

Pia mater

(cat brain)

Back 49

With blood vessels. This membrane covers the surface of the brain. Where CSF flows from

Front 50

Olfactory Bulbs

(cat brain)

Back 50

Found at the anterior end of the brain. Transmits smells from the nose to the brain. Where olfactory nerves synapse

Front 51

Cerebral Hemispheres

(cat brain)

Back 51

Part of the Telencephalon. Found posterior to olfactory bulbs but anterior to cerebellum. With gyri/gyrus and sulci/sulcus

Front 52

Longitudinal Cerebral fissure

(cat brain)

Back 52

Separates the 2 cerebral hemispheres. Longituddinal groove.

Front 53

Corpus Callosum

(cat brain)

Back 53

Connects the 2 hemispheres, with nerve fibers passing between them. Characteristic of mammalian brains

Front 54

Choroid Plexus

(cat brain)

Back 54

A reddish mass of folded tissue posterior to the longitudinal cerebral fissure. Secretes CSF

Front 55

Cerebellum

(cat brain)

Back 55

Part of the Metencephalon. Center of equilibration and motor coordination. Connects the posterior end of the cerebral hemispheres

Front 56

Vermis

(cat brain)

Back 56

Medial lobe of the cerebellum

Front 57

Hemispheres

(cat brain)

Back 57

Lateral lobes of the cerebellum. Has flocullar lobes.

FLOCULLAR LOBES = AURICULAR LOBES

Front 58

Corpora Quadrigemina

(cat brain)

Back 58

Four lobes of the mesencephalon

Front 59

Superior colliculi

(cat brain)

Back 59

Optic lobes

Front 60

Inferior colliculi

(cat brain)

Back 60

Auditory lobes

Front 61

Medulla oblongata
(cat brain)

Back 61

Part of the myelencephalon. Relays nerve signals between brain and spinal cord, dealing with autonomic functions

Front 62

4th ventricle

(cat brain)

Back 62

Cavity of the medulla oblongata, roofed by medullary velum. Continues as the central canal of the spinal cord

Front 63

Clava

(cat brain)

Back 63

White club shaped area lateral to 4th ventricle. Belongs to the somatic sensory column

Front 64

Tuberculum cuneatum

(cat brain)

Back 64

Lateral to clava. Belongs to somatic sensory column.

Front 65

Restiform body

(cat brain)

Back 65

Found anterior to the clava and tuberculum cuneatum. Conveys impulses from the spinal cord and medulla to the cerebellum. Overlying it is the area acustica

Front 66

Olfactory Tract

(cat brain)

Back 66

Extends obliquely caudad from the olfactory bulbs. Impulses regarding olfaction pass through here

Front 67

Pyriform lobe

(cat brain)

Back 67

Part of the telencephalon. Posteroventral part of the cerebral hemispheres, part of the olfactory apparatus. Where the olfactory tract comes from (?)

Front 68

Rhinal fissure

(cat brain)

Back 68

Separates pyriform lobe from cerebral hemispheres

Front 69

Diencephalon

(cat brain)

Back 69

Located between the 2 pyriform lobes

Front 70

Optic chiasma

(cat brain)

Back 70

Found at anterior end of the diencephalon. A white band from which projects the optic nerves.

Front 71

Anterior perforated substance

(cat brain)

Back 71

Found between the optic chiasma and the olfactory tracts. Perforated by numerous blood cells.

Front 72

Posterior perforated substance

(cat brain)

Back 72

Found posterior to the mammillary body. Gives rise to the oculomotor nerve

Front 73

Tuber cineum

(cat brain)

Back 73

Found behind the optic chiasma. Part of olfactory apparatus. The hypophysis hangs from this by a stalk

Front 74

Mammillary Body

(cat brain)

Back 74

Found behind the tuber cineum. Part of the olfactory apparatus

Front 75

Cerebral peduncles

(cat brain)

Back 75

Found lateral to posterior perforated substance and posterior to the pyriform lobes. Carries pyramidal tracts and tracts from cortex to pons

Front 76

Pons

(cat brain)

Back 76

Posterior to posterior perforated substance. The floor of the cerebellum and the bridge of its hemispheres

Front 77

Trapezoid

(cat brain)

Back 77

Posterior to the pons that originates from area acustica. Carries auditory impulses to the anteiror brain

Front 78

Median Ventral Fissure

(cat brain)

Back 78

The groove in the middle of the medulla

Front 79

Pyramids
(cat brain)

Back 79

Lateral to the median ventral fissure. Conveys voluntary motor impulses from cerebral hemispheres to muscles. Somatic motor tracts

Front 80

Genu

(cat brain)

Back 80

Anterior end of the corpus callosum

Front 81

Splenium

(cat brain)

Back 81

Posterior end of the corpus callosum

Front 82

Fornix

(cat brain)

Back 82

From the corpus callosum proceeding ventrally

Front 83

Septum pellucidum

(cat brain)

Back 83

Found between fornix and genu, separates the lateral ventricles from each other

Front 84

Lateral ventricles

(cat brain)

Back 84

Cavity of telencephalon/cerebral hemispheres

Front 85

Epithalamus

(cat brain)

Back 85

Roof diencephalon. Includes tela choroidea, pineal body, habenula, posterior commisure

Front 86

Thalamus
(cat brain)

Back 86

Relays sensations to the cerebral hemispheres

Front 87

Hypothalamus
(cat brain)

Back 87

Includes the optic chiasma, tuber cineum, mammillary body, hypophysis. Secretes important hormones

Front 88

Aqueduct of Sylvius
(cat brain)

Back 88

Connects 3rd and 4th ventricle. Cavity of mesencephalon

Front 89

Tegmentum

(cat brain)

Back 89

Floor of mesencephalon

Front 90

Arbor vitae

(cat brain)

Back 90

The branching white matter within the cerebellum.

Front 91

Olfactory Bulb

(shark brain)

Front 92

Olfactory Nerve

(shark brain)

Front 93

Olfactory Stalk

(shark brain)

Front 94

Cerebral Hemispheres

(shark brain)

Back 94

Telencephalon. Largely olfactory

Front 95

Diencephalon
(shark brain)

Back 95

Relay center of the brain. With tela choroidea from which choroid plexi come from

Front 96

Mesencephalon
(shark brain)

Back 96

Connects rounded lobes (corpora bigemina or optic lobes) for vision

Front 97

Cerebellum
(shark brain)

Back 97

With auricles instead of flocullar lobes. Found at the side and below the cerebellum

Front 98

Medulla Oblongata/Myelencephalon

(shark brain)

Back 98

Maintains vital body functions such as breathing (autonomic function)

Front 99

Infundibulum

(shark brain)

Back 99

Connects pituitary to the brain

Front 100

Inferior Lobes

Front 101

Hypophysis
(shark brain)

Back 101

Important endocrine gland

Front 102

Nervus Terminalis (CN 0)

Back 102

Only in shark. Belongs to ANS

Front 103

Saccus Vasculosus (vascular sac)

(shark brain)

Back 103

Sensory function concered with aquatic life. Lined by neurosecretory cells

Front 104

Olfactory (CN I)

Back 104

Innervates olfactory epithelium. Originates from neurosensory cells of the same epithelium.

Visceral sensory

Front 105

Optic (CN II)

Back 105

Originates from retina and synapses with optic hicasma. Somatic sensory

Front 106

Oculomotor (CN III)

Back 106

Innervates the inferior oblique, internal superior, inferior rectus muscles of the eye ball. Somatic motor

Front 107

Trochlear (CN IV)

Back 107

Innervates the superior oblique muscle of the eyeball. Somatic motor

Front 108

Trigeminal (CN V)

Back 108

Innervates mandibular arch in sharks.
Cat: sensory for mucosa of anterior tongue. innervates jaw muscles skin of face and snout

Somatic sensory and visceral motor

Front 109

Abducens (CN VI)

Back 109

External rectus of eye innervation. Somatic motor

Front 110

Facial (CN VII)

Back 110

Originates from geniculate gangloin. Innervates hyoid arch of shark. Includes chorda tympani in cats and innervates the antioer porttion of the tongue

Front 111

Auditory (CN VIII)

Back 111

For equilibration and hearing

Front 112

Glossopharyngeal (CN IX)

Back 112

Shark: 3rd pharyngeal arch
Cat: mucosa of posterior tongue, pharynx, salivary gland and taste buds

Front 113

Vagus (CN X)

Back 113

Shark: Rest of pharyngeal arches and viscera
Cats: Innervates visceral organs of thorax, abdomen, larynx, pharynx, taste buds

Front 114

Spinal Accessory (CN XI)

Back 114

In mammalls only. Sternomastoid, cleidomastoid, levator scapulae ventralis, trapezius

Front 115

Hypoglossal (CN XII)

Back 115

Tongue muscles in mammals