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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Mitosis |
division of the nucleus |
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early prophase |
chromosomes condense, nuclear envelope breaks up |
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prophase |
the spindle starts to form: a network of proteins that attaches to centromeres and directs movement of chromosomes |
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metaphase |
chromosomes line up in center of cell |
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anaphase |
spindle proteins shorten, pulling sister chromatids apart |
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chromatid = |
chromosome |
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telophase |
spindle dissolves, nuclear envelopes reform, chromosomes unwind |
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cytokinesis |
division of the rest of the cytoplasm |
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the cell itself divides in half creating two identical ________ _____. |
daughter cells |
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animal cells produce a band of proteins that ... |
pinch the cell in half. |
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cell cycle |
life cycle of the cell |
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3 checkpoints for cell division |
G1, G2, and metaphase |
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Early interphase (G1) |
growth factors stimulate cells to divide by bonding to receptors on cell |
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After DNA replication (G2) |
was DNA replicated correctly? |
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cell division: Mitosis |
are chromosomes attached to spindle fibers? |
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risk factors definition |
certain behaviors increase chances of developing cancer |
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examples of risk factors |
tobacco use, high fat/low-fiber diet, excess alcohol consumption, lack of exercise, obesity, any cell that divides frequently |
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what causes 1/3 of all cancer deaths? |
tobacco use |
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DNA polymerase is used during what stage of cellular reproduction? |
DNA replication |
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In which phase of mitosis do the replicated chromosomes align in the center of the cell? |
metaphase |
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Telomeres shorten ....
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100 nucleotides each division |
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genetic mutation
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changes to the sequence of nucleotides in a stretch of DNA |
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Proto-oncogenes |
genes that code for the cell cycle control proteins (such as receptors and growth factors) |
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When proto-oncogenes mutate, they become ______
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Tumor suppressor genes |
genes for proteins that stop cell division if conditions are not favorable |
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most cancers require.... |
more than one mutation |
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During anaphase in mitosis, what structures are being separated and moved into opposite sides of the cell? |
Sister chromatids |
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At which checkpoint of the cell cycle is the cell looking for a growth factor? |
End of G1 |
