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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the 4 main elements that make up our bodies?
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oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen
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What are the 3 major components in an element?
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Protons, neutrons, electrons
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Which of the 3 major components in an element weigh the same?
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Protons and neutrons
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What is the atomic number?
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The number of protons in an atom.
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What is the atomic mass?
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The number of protons and neutrons in an atom.
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What gives an atom most of its weight?
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The nucleus, which is composed of the protons and neutrons.
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Where can the atomic number be found?
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lower left corner
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Where can the atomic mass be found?
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upper left corner
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What is an isotope?
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an element which has the normal amount of protons and electrons but added neutrons, which add weight to the atom.
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What is the place called that the electrons travel on?
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orbital or electron shell
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How many electrons can fit on the first orbital?
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2
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How many electrons can fit on the second and third orbital?
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8 on each
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What is the key to bonding?
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the electron configuration.
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If there are 8 protons in oxygen, how many electrons are there and how are they distributed?
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8 electons; 2 on the first orbital and 6 on the second.
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What is an ionic bond?
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bond that gives and takes electrons.
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What does ion mean?
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charge
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When Na bonds with Cl it loses an electron, therefor its charge is what?
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positive
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When Cl bonds with Na it gaines an electron, therefor its charge is what?
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negative
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What does Chlorine become when ionic?
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Chloride
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What is ALWAYS true for an ionic bond?
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It is charged and it sets up the same way. Lattice-always the same angle.
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What is a covalent bond?
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bond that shares electrons and has no charge.
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Which element doesn't share nicely?
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oxygen
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What is the exeption to covalent bonds not having a charge?
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water. oxygen is slightly negative and hydrogen is slightly positive.
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When is something polar?
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when it is charged
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What does electronegative mean?
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doesn't share electrons nicely
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What is a polar covalent bond?
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A covalent bond that is charged like an ion.
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What bonds H and O?
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Polar covalent bond.
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How are water molecules held together?
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hydrogen bond
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How is a water molecule held together?
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Polar covalent bond.
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Why does ice float?
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It weighs less than water.
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When water freezes what happens to the molecules?
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they freeze as far away from each other as possible. Therefore ice expands.
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What does pH stand for?
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potential hydrogen
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What makes something more acidic?
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More hydrogen ions
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What does hydrophobic mean?
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Water fearing; no charge
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What does hydrophilic mean?
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Water loving; charged
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