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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the 2 divisions of the nervous system? |
Central nervous system (CNS) Peripheral nervous system (PNS) |
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Central Nervous System (CNS) |
Brain and spinal cord |
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Peripheral nervous system (PNS) |
Nerves outside the CNS |
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How does the nervous system allow for cellular communication? |
Nervous system receives sensory input, performs information processing and integration, and generates motor output |
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What are the 3 types of neurons? |
Sensory Interneuron Motor |
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Sensory Neurons |
Takes sensory impulses from sensory receptor to CNS |
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Interneuron |
Receives info in the CNS and sends it to motor neuron |
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Motor Neuron |
Takes impulses from the CNS to an effector (gland or muscle fiber) |
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Neurons |
Transmit impulses |
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Neuroglia |
Support/nourish neurons |
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Receiving sensory input |
PNS |
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Integration of data |
CNS |
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Generating motor output |
CNS --> PNS |
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Myelin Sheath |
A lipid covering on long axons, increases speed of nerve impulse conduction, provides insulation |
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Schwann Cells |
Neuralgia that make up the myelin sheath in the PNS |
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Nodes of Ranvier |
Gaps between myelination on the axons |
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Saltatory Conduction |
Conduction of the nerve impulse from node to node |
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Resting Potential |
When the axon is not conducting a nerve impulse |
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Action Potential |
Rapid change in the axon membrane that allows a nerve impulse to occur |
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Integration |
The summation of the inhibitory and excitatory signals received by a post synaptic neuron |
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Synapse |
Small gap between the sending neuron and receiving neuron |
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What is the purpose of myelination? Which cell type performs this function? |
Myelination transmits information and is involved with nerve regeneration. Schwann cells perform this function and is the propagation of action potentials along myelinated axons from one node of Ranvier to the next node. |
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Synaptic Integration |
Process by which an individual neuron processes its synaptic inputs and converts them into an output signal |
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What does the spinal cord not do? |
Acts as a center for integrating nervous signals |
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Cerebrum |
-Largest portion of the brain -Carries out higher thought processes required for learning and memory -Responsible for high thought processes of speech and language |
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Diencephalon |
-Integrating center to regulate hunger, sleep, and thirst -Hypothalamus synthesizes hormones and controls the pituitary gland -Serves as link between endocrine and nervous systems |
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Cerebellum |
-Receives sensory input from the joints and muscles -Receives motor output from the cerebral cortex about body orientation -Coordinates voluntary muscle movement for organized movements |
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Brain stem |
-Contains midbrain, pons, and the medulla oblongata -Functions with the medulla oblongata to regulate breathing -MO contains a number of reflex centers for regulating heartbeat, breathing, and vasoconstriction |
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Primary Motor Area |
-Located in the frontal lobe -Voluntary commands to skeletal muscles begin here -Different sections control each body part |
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Primary Somatosensory Area |
-Located in the parietal lobe -Sensory information from the skin and skeletal muscles arrive here |
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During depolarization, |
Na+ gates open before K+ gates |
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Depolarization occurs because |
more Na+ diffuse into the cell than K+ diffuse out of it |
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The sodium-potassium pump is involved in establishing the resting membrane potential |
True |
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The nerve impulse is an electrical current that travels along dendrites or axons |
True |
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Within a neuron, information is transmitted down the length of a single axon through |
Electrical signals called action potentials |
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What is the function of neurotransmitters? |
They act as chemical signals that relay info between neurons |
