Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
85 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
______ mutant rescues pigment in ____ mutant |
Pink White |
|
Does the white mutant rescue pigment in pink pigment? |
No |
|
|
What is phototrophs? |
Organisms that use light for energy |
|
|
Are cyanobactria aerobic or anaerobic |
Aerobic |
|
|
What type of bacteria are cyanobacteria |
Green photoautotorophic bacteria |
|
|
What does green photoautotrophic bacteria |
Photosynthetic, use light to drive incorporation of CO2 |
|
|
The phototrophic metabolism of cyanobacteria are nearly identical to that of _____ |
Algae plants
|
|
|
What type of primary chlorophyll do cyanobacteria and algae plants share |
Chlrophyll a |
|
|
Cyanobacteria with bright cells, what are those for? |
N2 fixation |
|
|
What is the hallmark of cyano photometabolism |
Oxygenic (produces oxygen) |
|
|
What are the two purposes of light in cyanobacteria metabolism |
1) Energy generation used primarily in CO2 fixation 2) Reductant (e- donor) generation for CO2 fixation |
|
|
Show the diagram of energy of cyanobacteria |
|
|
|
Draw a diagram of the chlorphyll a P680 reaction center |
|
|
|
What type of mineral medium is used for cyanobacteria |
Liquid mineral medium |
|
|
Does the liquid mineral medium for cyanobacteria use carbon? |
No CO2 from atmosphere |
|
|
What does cyanobacteria use for a nitrogen source |
NO3- |
|
|
What does cyanobacteria use for a sulfur source? |
SO4 2- |
|
|
Does cyanobacteria use light? |
Yes |
|
|
Does cyanobacteria have aerovic or anaerobic conditions |
Aerobic conditions |
|
|
Are most cyanobacteria using most obligate aerobes |
Yes |
|
|
Since the primary physiology of cyanobacteria is nearly identical to algae what measures are used to prevent algal overgrowth |
*amphoteracin inhibits eukaryotic protein syntehsis *Can reduce much algal growth with temperature above 30 (won't do) *Diatoms can be inhibited with germanium dioxide (won't do) |
|
|
What are purple non-sulfur bacteria |
Physiologically diverse group of phototrophs with purple hues |
|
|
What is the purple of the purple non-sulfur bacteria due to? |
Compliment to carotenoid pigment and unique chlorphyll bacteriochlorphyll a That way don't compete for light |
|
|
Can purple non-sulfur bacteria do anything that prokaryotes do? |
Yes |
|
|
Can purple non-sulfur bacteria grow in the light? |
Yes |
|
|
What type of bacteria are purple non-sulfur bacteria |
Photoautotrophs Photoheterotrophs |
|
|
What does photoautotrophs mean |
Carbon from CO2 Light |
|
|
What are photoheterotrophs |
Carbon from organic carbons Light |
|
|
Can purple non-sulfur bacteria grow in the dark |
Yes |
|
|
How can the purple non-sulfur bacteria grow in the dark |
*Aerobically *Anaerobically |
|
|
How does purple non-sulfur bacteria grow aerobically |
Via respiration |
|
|
How does purple non-sulfur bacteria grow anaerbocially |
Through fermentation or anaerobic respiration Usies other final electron acceptors (IE N2) |
|
|
What is the hallmark of purple non-sulfur bacteria photometabolism? |
Anoxygenic
|
|
|
What does anoxygenic photometabolism of purple non-sulfur bacteria mean |
Don't produce O2 |
|
|
Does bacteriochlorophyll have a lower or higher redox potential than does O2 and H2O couple |
Lower |
|
|
What does bacterichlorphyll reaction center look like? |
|
|
|
For autotrophic growth of purple non-sulfur bacteria, electron source with a higher or lower potential needed |
Lower |
|
|
What serves as electron sources for purple non-sulfur bacteria |
H2 and low level of H2S |
|
|
Is photoautotrophy costly for PNS? |
Yes |
|
|
What is used to make reductant of purple non-sulfur bacteria |
Chemical energy (reverse electron flow) |
|
|
Can PNs grow as photoheterotrophs? |
Yes |
|
|
PNS are photogeterotrophs what do they do? |
Use varitey of organics of carbon (alcohols, fatty acids, aromatics) Light for energy May provide for an ecological advantage |
|
|
Are purple non-sulfur bacteria enriched in light or not in light |
Light |
|
|
Are purple non-sulfur bacteria enriched anaerobic or aerobic |
Anaerobic |
|
|
What carbon source do we enrich the purple non-sulfur bacteria |
Non-fermentable organic carbon -Citrate (some can use) -Malate (most can use-we'll add this) -Benzoate or cinnamate (only Rhodopseudomonas palustris) |
|
|
Purple non-sulfur bacteria uses DCMU what does that do |
Inhibits PSII of cyanobacteria |
|
|
What are the two types of species found on skin |
Resident species Transient species |
|
|
What are resident species like? |
1) Live there year round 2) Colonize skin 3) Require isolated 4) Don't really vary from person to person 5) Do relatively good things |
|
|
What are trasnient species do? |
*Vary from person/time/site *Contact with contaminating object *found intermitantly |
|
|
What are in sweat? |
*Urea (nitrogen for some org) *Amino acid *Lactic Acid *Salts |
|
|
What type of secretion is sebum |
Fatty secretion |
|
|
What is in sebum? |
Lipids *Fatty acids *Wax Alcohols *Glycerol |
|
|
Do desnity of populations say anything about hygience |
No |
|
|
What is the desnity of dry skin |
~10 ^2 cells/cm2 |
|
|
What is the density of oily skin |
~10^6 cells/ cm2 |
|
|
What are micrococcaceae |
Gram + cocci Aerobic |
|
|
What is propionibacterium |
Gram positive rods Anaerobic |
|
|
What does propionibacterium make |
Propionic acid |
|
|
What does propionic acid make the propionibacterium? |
Smelly |
|
|
What were the medium used for the skin bacteria |
HBA (heated blood agar) RCMF (modified clostridium medium) |
|
|
What is HBA for |
Micrococcacaea |
|
|
What are the condition for HBA for |
37 degrees Aerobic 2 days Then gram stain, want colonies |
|
|
What is RCMF for |
Propionibacterium |
|
|
What are the conditions of RCMF medium |
37 degrees Anaerobic 7 days Then gram stain, count colonies |
|
|
Does aerobic or anaerobci grow slower |
Anaerobic |
|
|
What are some methods for enumerating bacteria |
*Plate counts *Direct microscopic counts *Membrane filtration |
|
|
There are disadvantage for the methods for enumerating bacteria, what causes some orgnaisms not grow well (or at all) on solid media |
So can't do plate count for these as well as membrane filtration |
|
|
There are disadvantage for the methods for enumerating bacteria, what causes some samples too dilute |
(Plate and direct count) |
|
|
There are disadvantage for the methods for enumerating bacteria, what causes some samples to be too concentrated |
membrane filtration So have to dilute it |
|
|
There are disadvantage for the methods for enumerating bacteria, what causes no distinction between live and dead cells |
Direct count |
|
|
What type of protocol does the most probable number method use? |
Liquid-based protocol (grow in a broth) |
|
|
Can you work with concentrated or dilute samples in most probable number method? |
Yes |
|
|
Is sensitive and recovery better for higher or lower population densities of the most probable number method |
Lower |
|
|
For the most probable number method it was adopted to enumerate a wide range of species? |
Yes |
|
|
What are the steps of most probable number method? |
1) Perform a dilution or volume series 2) Dilute to extinction 3) Test each dilution 4) Compare the results |
|
|
What are the components of a coliform bacteria? |
Gram - Rod shaped Facultatively anaerobic Non spore forming Ferment lactose and production of gas |
|
|
What are the sources of coliform |
Soil H2O Gut of warm bloodied animals |
|
|
Many colifroms are ______ bacteria |
Enteric
|
|
|
What is detection of coliforms in food or water sample indicative of |
Contamination of animal waste |
|
|
What type of enrichments does the coliform MPN test include? |
*Presumptive enrichment *Confirmatory enrichment *Fecal coliform enrichment |
|
|
What are the three broths used for colifroms |
Lauryl Tryptose Broth (LTB) Brilliant green lactose bile broth (BGLB) E Coli Broth (EC) |
|
|
What is the presumptive enrichment for coliforms? |
Lauryl Tryptose Broth |
|
|
What is the confirmatory enrichment for coliforms |
Brilliant green lactose bile broth (BGLB) |
|
|
What is the fecal coliform enrichment? |
E coli Broth |
|
|
What does lauryl tryptose broth contain? |
Not selective, does not ferment lactose Coliform grows well |
