Benzene And Aromatic Compounds

Front 1

The simplest arene

Back 1

Benzene

Front 2

How many degrees of unsaturation does benzene have

Back 2

4 degrees of unsaturation (1 ring and 3 double bonds)

Front 3

Why is benzene highly reactive

Back 3

It's high degree of unsaturation

Front 4

Benzene only undergoes substitution reaction. It does NOT undergo addition reaction like the other alkenes. Why?

Back 4

Because of it's high degree of unsaturation.

Front 5

Addition reaction of benzene with bromine

Back 5

Front 6

Substitution reaction of benzene with halogens

Back 6

Benzene does not undergo addition reaction with halogens but will only react with them in the presence of a Lewis acid(electron pair donor) e.g FeBr3, AlCl3 or FeCL3 in a substitution reaction.

Front 7

Resonance structure of benzene

Back 7

Front 8

How many pie bonds and electrons does benzene have

Back 8

3 π bonds and 6 π electrons

Front 9

Why is benzene called a conjugated compound

Back 9

Because of the alternation between single and double bonds

Front 10

Ethyl benzene

Back 10

Front 11

Tert-butyl benzene

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2-methyl propyl benzene

Front 12

Chloro benzene

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Front 13

Toluene

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Methyl benzene

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Phenol

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Hydroxylbenzene

Front 15

Aniline

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Amino benzene

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Anisol

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Methoxybenzene

Front 17

Benzonitrile

Back 17

Front 18

Benzoic acid

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Front 19

Benzaldehyde

Back 19

Front 20

Acetophone

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Front 21

Mesitylene

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1,3,5-methyl benzene

Front 22

TNT

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2,4,6-trinitrotoluene. An explosive.

Front 23

What is used to show the relative positions of two substituents on a benzene ring

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Ortho, meta and para nomenclature

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Orthodibromobenzene

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1,2-dibromobenzene; o-dibromobenzene

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Phenyl group (Ph-)

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C6H5; a benzene that has lost one hydrogen atom

Front 26

Benzyl group

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C6H5CH2; a benzene with an extra CH2- attached.

Front 27

Types of compounds based on aromaticity

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Aromatic, antiaromatic and non aromatic compounds

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Criteria for aromaticity

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1) the molecule must be cyclic (i.e a closed ring)

2) the molecule must be planar

3) the molecule must be completely conjugated ( i.e alternation of single and double bond)

4) the molecule must satisfy Huckel's rule

Front 29

When is a compound most likely to lose planarity

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When it has more than 7sides

Front 30

When is a compound said to be planar

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All adjacent p orbitals must be aligned (overlap) so that the π electron density can be delocalized

Front 31

Huckel's rule for aromatic compounds

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It must contain 4n + 2 π electrons.

Front 32

What is an antiaromatic compound based on Huckel's rule

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An antiaromatic compound is a cyclic, planar, and completely conjugated compound that contains 4n π electrons

Front 33

Difference in stability of aromatic and anti aromatic compounds

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Aromatic compounds are more stable than anti aromatic compounds

Front 34

What is Huckel's rule concerned with

Back 34

It deals with the number of π electrons not the number of atoms in a particular ring.

Front 35

Illustration of Huckel's rule

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Front 36

How is benzene an aromatic compound based on Huckel's rule

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It has 6 π electrons. From the table, this falls under the aromatic table

Front 37

What kind of compound is cyclobutadiene

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It is an anti aromatic compound because it has 4 π electrons that fall into the antiaromatic table

Front 38

Priority functional group when naming aromatic compounds

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1) carboxylicacid (-COOH)

2) ester (-COO-)

3) acid chloride (CoCl)