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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What the difference between microsociology and macrosociology? |
Microsociology focuses on small groups and individuals, whereas macrosociology focuses on large groups and social structure. |
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This theoretical approach to sociology is the study of the structure and function of each part of society. |
Functionalism or functional analysis |
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According to the functinalist theory, define what functions and dysfunctions are. |
Functions are beneficial consequences of people actions, while dysfunctions are harmful consequences of people actions that may undermine the social structure. |
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Functions can either be manifest or latent. Explain? |
If an action is intended to help some part of the social system, this is known and a manifest function. However, if manifest functions can also have unintended positive consequences on other parts of society. These are known as latent functions |
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In sociological context, power refers to what? |
Power is refered to as the magnitude at which one can influence others. |
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Explain the conflict theory proposed by karl marx. |
Karl marx proposed the conflict theory. This theory focuses on how power differentials are created, and how these differentials contribute to the maintenence of social order. |
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What is symbolic interaction? |
Symbolic interaction refers to the study of ways individuals interact with each other through a shared understanding of words, gestures, and other symbols. |
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This concept focuses on how individuals put together their social reality. |
Social constructionism |
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What are social institutions? |
Social institutions are well established social structures thay dictate certain patterns of behavior or relationship and are accepted as a fundamental part of culture. |
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What are the 6 major social institutions? |
Education Family Religion Government Economy Medicine |
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What are the four key tenets of medical ethics? |
Beneficience Nonmaleficence Respect for patient autonomy Justice |
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This study refers to the statistics of populations and are the mathematical applications of sociology. |
Demographics |
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This is a social construct based on phenotypic differences between geoups of people. |
Race |
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This is also a social construct, but works by sorting people based by cultural factors, including language, nationality, and religion. |
Ethnicity |
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What is symbolic ethnicity? |
Symbolic ethnicity describes a specific connection to ones ethnicity in which ethnic symbols and identity remain important. |
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Changes in the makeup of a population over time is known as what? |
Demographic shift |
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What is the fertility rate defined as? |
The fertility rate refers to the average number of children born to a woman during her lifespan in a population. |
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What is mortality rate defined as? |
Mortality rate is defined as the number of deaths in a population per unit of time. This is usually measured in deaths per 1000 people per year. |
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What is demogrpahic transition? |
Demographic transition is a specific demographic shift referring to changes in birth and death rates in a country as it develops from a preindustrial to industrial economic system |
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What is stage 1 or demographic transition? |
Birth rates and death rates are both high. |
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What is stage 2 of demographic transition characterized by? |
Stage 2 involves improvements in healthcare, nutrition, sanitation, and wages. This causes death rates to drop. |
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What occurs in stage 3 or demographic transition? |
Stage 3 involves improvements in contraception, womens rights, and a shift to agricultural to industrial economics. This causes the birth rate (births per 1000 individuals per year) to drop. |
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What is found in stage 4 of demographic transition? |
Stage 4 presents an industrialized society with low birth rates and low death rates. |
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These are organized to either resist or encourage change in a society. |
Social movements |
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This is the process of integrating the global economy with free trade and tapping of foreign markets. |
Globalization |
