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46 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
active mental concentration is associated with what type of waves and in which part of the brain?
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beta waves, frontal lobe
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awake person who relaxes with closed eyes is associated with what type of waves and in which part of the brain?
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alpha waves, occipital and parietal
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NREM sleep is characterized by ___ wave EEG activity while REM is characterized by ____ EEG activity
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slower; fast
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what percentage of sleep occurs as NREM?
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75%
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slow eye movements characterized which type of sleep?
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NREM
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increased muscle tone characterizes which type of sleep?
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NREM
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Stage 1 is what % of NREM?
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5%
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what type of wave activity is involved in stage 1?
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theta waves
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what type of wave activity is involved in stage 2?
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spindle shaped waves (sleep spindles) and K-complexes
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in which stage does bruxism occur?
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stage 2
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What % of NREM is stage 2?
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45%
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what type of wave activity is involved in stage 3 and 4?
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delta waves
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What % of NREM is stage 3 and 4?
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25%
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which stage is the deepest part of NREM?
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stages 3 and 4
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somnambulism, enuresis and night terrors are associated with which stage of sleep?
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stages 3, 4 NREM
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what stage is associated with rapid eye movements?
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REM
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what stage is associated with decreased muscle tone?
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REM
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what type of waves are associated with REM?
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sawtooth waves
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what is the average REM latency?
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90 min
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what disorders is associated with shortened REM latency? (2)
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major depressive disorder, narcolepsy
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rare condition that includes episodes of REM without muscle atonia
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REM sleep behavior disorder
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describe the sleep architecture
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sleep progresses through stages 1-4 of NREM then 4-1 of NREM then into REM
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describe the changes in sleep architecture for the elderly
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decreased REM sleep, total sleep time and delta sleep; increased nighttime awakening
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describe the changes in sleep architecture for depression
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decreased sleep latency, REM latency, REM later in sleep cycle, and delta sleep; increased REM early in cycle, first REM period, total REM and nighttime awakening
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rare disorder resulting from mutations in prion protein gene leading to degeneration of the thalamus causing inability to sleep
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fatal familial insomnia
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which NTs promote sleep?
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serotonin and ACh
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which NTs promote arousal and wakefulness?
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NE and dopamine
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2 categories of sleep disorders
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dyssomnias and parasomnias
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sleep disorder characterized by problems in the timing, quality, or amount of sleep
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dyssomnias
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sleep disorder characterized by abnormalities in physiology or behavior associated with sleep
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parasomnias
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dx criteria for insomnia:
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difficulty falling or staying asleep that occurs 3 times per week for at least a mo
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common causes of insomnia
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caffeine, CNS stimulants, drug withdraw, pain creating medical conditions
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tx of insomnia
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avoid caffeine, develop sleep ritual, maintain fixed sleep schedule, relax
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tx of breathing-related sleep disorder
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weight loss, CPAP, surgery
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sx of narcolepsy
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hypnagogic/hypnopompic hallucinations upon waking, cataplexy, sleep paralysis
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benzodiazepines reduce which stage of sleep?
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delta (stages 3, 4)
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condition in which daytime sleepiness results from airway obstruction
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Pickwickian syndrome
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changes in sleep architecture with narcolepsy
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decreased sleep latency and abnormal REM
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describes upon falling asleep
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hypnagogic
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describes upon awakening
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hypnopompic
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dx criteria for narcolepsy
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episodes of sudden sleepiness that occur daily for at least 3 mo despite normal amt of sleep, sleepiness relieved by naps
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tx of narcolepsy
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stimulant meds, planned daily naps
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is sleepiness relieved by naps in primary hypersomnias?
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no
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with what deficiencies is restless leg syndrome associated?
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decreased dopamine in subcortical brain, Fe (disrupts dopamine production) and Mg
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during which stage of sleep do sleep terrors occur?
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stages 3, 4
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sleep disorder usually seen in adolescents and involves recurrent periods of hypersomnia and hyperphagia, each lasting 1-3 weeks
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Kleine-Levin syndrome
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