Behavioral Paradigms

Front 1

Reinforcement

Back 1

increases frequency of behavior

Front 2

punishment

Back 2

decreases frequency of behavior

Front 3

Positive reinforcement

Back 3

increases probability that behavior will occur (worker praises, gives tokens, or otherwise rewards positive behavior)

Front 4

Negative reinforcment

Back 4

Behavior increases because negative (aversive) stimulus is removed (i.e., remove shock)

Front 5

Positive punishment

Back 5

presentation of undesirable stimulus following a behavior for purpose of decreasing or eliminating that behavior (i.e., hitting, shocking)

Front 6

Negative punishment

Back 6

removal of a desirable stimulus following a behavior for purpose of decreasing or eliminating that behavior (i.e., removing something positive, such as token or dessert)

Front 7

Chain

Back 7

a chain is said to exist when one performance produces the conditions that make the next one possible

Front 8

Fading

Back 8

Fading is a term used to describe a procedure for gradually changing one stimulus controlling a behavior to another stimulus

Front 9

Extinction

Back 9

withholding a reinforcer that normally follows a behavior with consequent decline in the behavior; behavior that fails to produce reinforcement will eventually cease

Front 10

Prescriptions

Back 10

the worker tells the client specifically how to behave in certain situations and expects the client to behave in that way