Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
49 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What are the stages of neural development? |
1. proliferation 2. migration (neuroblasts) 3. Differentiation 4. Pruning and cell death 5. Myelination |
|
|
What is the relationship between glutamate and CNS? |
The most common excitatory transmitter in glutamate. |
|
|
What is the outer layer? |
The ectoderm. |
|
|
What are CAM cell adhesion molecules? |
Cells attracted or not attracted to growing axon. |
|
|
What are some receptors of glutamate? |
AMPA and NMDA receptors.
|
|
|
Is there proliferation after birth? |
No
|
|
|
What is grey matter in a human MRI? |
Cell bodies.
|
|
|
What is white matter in a human MRI? |
Axons.
|
|
|
What happens when anterograde degeneration occurs? |
Axon cannot survive without cell body if cut away from cell body. |
|
|
What are some symptoms of Parkinson's disease? |
Tremors, trouble initiating movements, and eventual cognitive decrements. |
|
|
What is apoptosis? |
Programmed cell death. |
|
|
What is male sexual behavior as observed in rats?
|
Mounting, intromission, and ejaculation.
|
|
|
What is female sexual behavior as observed in rats?
|
Lordosis posture, darting, and hopping.
|
|
|
What internal genitalia do males have?
|
Wolffian ducts: prostrate, seminal vesicles, vas deferens need T. For males there is a Mullerian inhibiting hormone on Y chromosome.
|
|
|
What internal genitalia do females have?
|
Mullerian ducts: fallopian tubes, uterus, upper vagina.
|
|
|
What happens when you remove testes from male rat?
|
No sex if you give testosterone to male rats?
|
|
|
What happens during differentiation?
|
There is dendrites, axons, and synapses and cell becomes a neuron.
|
|
|
What cells does myelination occur in CNS?
|
Oligodendroglia
|
|
|
What cells does myelination occur in PNS?
|
Schwann cells
|
|
|
What are the receptors in glutamate transmitters?
|
AMPA: ionotropic receptor---excitation (EPSP)
NMDA: ionotropic receptor with some metabotropic functions |
|
|
Testosterone is one enzymatic step from being converted to ___
|
Estrogen
|
|
|
Testosterone causes more apoptosis in the ___
|
AVPV
|
|
|
It is well established that proliferation can occur after birth in all of the following areas except___
|
Cerebral cortex
|
|
|
A female rat has her ovaries removed at birth ___ As an adult
|
She will show female sexual behavior if given E and P
|
|
|
If a person with XY chromosomes has androgen receptors that do not work, they willhave
|
A clitoris
|
|
|
Lesions of mPOA in female rats result in
|
The stopping of the cycle but sexual behavior occurs with E and P administration.
|
|
|
A nucleus is
|
A group of neurons in close proximity of each other.
|
|
|
In which of the following is there some consensus that there is a sex difference inboth size and neuron number in humans?
|
INAH 3
|
|
|
The male penis comes from the same tissue as the
|
Female clitoris
|
|
|
The SDN is in the
|
mPOA
|
|
|
What is required for the formation of sperm?
|
Testosterone, FSH, and testes.
|
|
|
Cells in the neural tube are destined to be cells in the
|
Nervous system
|
|
|
Which of the following does not occur during menopause?
|
High LH
|
|
|
What does occur during menopause?
|
1. High FSH
2. Low Estrogen 3. Low Progesterone |
|
|
An adult female rat has her ovaries removed. Her sexual behavior
|
Remains the same
|
|
|
Most of the growth of the human brain is due to
|
Differentiation
|
|
|
Females who have CAH have
|
Ovaries
|
|
|
Which of the following illustrates that differences in the size of a nucleus do notnecessarily indicate differences in the number of neurons in the nucleus?
|
INAH 3
|
|
|
A neurotrophic factor__
|
Is picked up by a growing axon when it reaches its target
|
|
|
If the whole neuron dies following damage to its axon it is called
|
Retrograde degeneration
|
|
|
How long does myelination continue in humans?
|
Into the 40s.
|
|
|
The lordosis reflex occurs when
|
Estrogen and Progesterone are high
|
|
|
What is the difference of INAH 3 size in straight males, females, and homosexual males?
|
Males>females and homosexual males
|
|
|
What is the difference in the number of neurons of INAH 3 in straight males, females, and homosexual males?
|
Males=Homosexual males>females
|
|
|
What is the relationship between INAH 3 and SDN?
|
They are equal.
|
|
|
The AVPV is important for the
|
Female hormonal menstrual cycle
|
|
|
What is the treatment for tumors?
|
Stop blood vesicle growth.
|
|
|
What is typical behavior of people with Fragile X?
|
Autism, hyperactivity, short term memory deficits.
|
|
|
What are some symptoms of fetal alcohol syndrome?
|
Intellectual disabilities and poor muscle tone
|
