Behavioral Midterm

Front 1

_______% high school students smoke?

Back 1

17% (24,800)

Front 2

¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬_________ kids (under 18) become new daily smokers each year?

Back 2

2,700

Front 3

__________ kids exposed to secondhand smoke at home?

Back 3

84,000

Front 4

________million packs of cigarettes bought or smoked by kids each year?

Back 4

5.7

Front 5

______________% adults in Nevada who smoke?

Back 5

21.3% (433,500)

Front 6

___________ adults who die each year from their own smoking?

Back 6

3,300

Front 7

__________ kids now under 18 and alive in Nevada who will ultimately die prematurely from smoking?

Back 7

47,000

Front 8

________ million in annual health care costs in Nevada directly caused by smoking?

Back 8

$565

Front 9

_________ million in smoking-caused productivity losses in Nevada?

Back 9

$903

Front 10

Nicotine is absorbed through _____________ in addition to being absorbed by_______?

Back 10

mucus membranes that line the mouth and nose, the lungs

Front 11

Nicotine reaches peak levels in the brain within ____ seconds after puffing on a cigarette ?

Back 11

10

Front 12

Nicotine absorbed by the ________ and quickly moves into the bloodstream and is circulated throughout the______ ?

Back 12

lungs, brain

Front 13

Nicotine increases or decreases HR and raises blood pressure?

Back 13

Increases

Front 14

T/F Nicotine reduces athletic stamina and endurance?

Back 14

true

Front 15

Nicotine raises the levels of _________ in the parts of the brain that produced feelings of pleasure and reward?

Back 15

dopamine

Front 16

Dopamine is the same _________ that is involved in addictions to other drugs such as cocaine and heroin?

Back 16

neurotransmitter

Front 17

About _______% of people with oral cancer use tobacco, and the risk is related to how much and how long they smoked or chewed?

Back 17

90%

Front 18

HPV-______ is implicated in oral cancers, particularly those that occur in the back of the mouth?

Back 18

HPV-16

Front 19

Some types of cancers may result from_________ – abnormal genes that pass among family members?

Back 19

heredity

Front 20

Risk factors for oral cancer?

Back 20

tobacco, alcohol, tobacco/alcohol (15x risk), sunlight exposure, diet

Front 21

___ out of 10 deaths from lung cancer?

Back 21

9

Front 22

___ out of 10 deaths from all cancers?

Back 22

3

Front 23

___ out of 10 deaths from COPD, such as emphysema?

Back 23

9

Front 24

___ out of 5 deaths from heart disease?

Back 24

1

Front 25

T/F tobacco use results in Bad breath?

Back 25

T

Front 26

T/F tobacco use results in Staining of teeth?

Back 26

T

Front 27

T/F tobacco use results in Increased build up of plaque and calculus on the teeth ?

Back 27

T

Front 28

T/F tobacco use results in Increased loss of bone within the jaw?

Back 28

T

Front 29

T/F tobacco use results in Increased risk of developing tissue abnormalities?

Back 29

T

Front 30

T/F tobacco use results in increased healing process following tooth extraction, periodontal treatment, or oral surgery?

Back 30

F

Front 31

T/F tobacco use results in increases success rate of dental implant procedures?

Back 31

F

Front 32

What is the Biological factor linked to oral cancer (oropharynx, base of tongue, tonsils)?

Back 32

HPV-16 (Human papilloma virus (HPV))

Front 33

HPV-16 Infects about __________ Americans ?

Back 33

40 million

Front 34

________ strains of HPV, majority are harmless?

Back 34

Over 130

Front 35

Approximately ______% of those infected have a lack of immune response to the HPV-16 strain?

Back 35

1%

Front 36

T/F. Most people’s immune systems will clear the infection before malignancy develops?

Back 36

T

Front 37

Since 1998, the tobacco industry has spent more than ______ lobbying to block this type of legislation?

Back 37

$300 million

Front 38

T/F. Most of the tobacco companies have been moving aggressively towards smokeless tobacco to compensate for declining cigarette sales?

Back 38

T

Front 39

T/F. Smokeless products can be advertised as safer than cigarettes until that claim is proven to the FDA under this legislation?

Back 39

F

Front 40

T/F. The FDA will set standards for how tobacco products are manufactured and the amounts of ingredients such as tar, nicotine, and other harmful components will be regulated?

Back 40

T

Front 41

T/F. The FDA will oversee the tobacco industry’s efforts to develop, introduce, and promote less harmful tobacco products?

Back 41

T

Front 42

T/F. The FDA doesn’t require tobacco companies to disclose research they conduct regarding the health effects and safety of their products?

Back 42

F

Front 43

T/F. The FDA will develop strict measures to ensure that tobacco products are sold or accessible to underage purchasers and they will reduce marketing efforts that are geared towards kids?

Back 43

F

Front 44

T/F. Secondhand smoke has been classified by the Environmental Protection Agency as a known cause of cancer in humans?

Back 44

T

Front 45

T/F. Exposure to secondhand smoke is not associated with an increased risk of asthma, bronchitis, and pneumonia in children?

Back 45

F

Front 46

Approximately ________% of non-smokers in the U.S. have biological evidence of secondhand smoke exposure?

Back 46

60%

Front 47

T/F. Secondhand smoke is a mixture of the smoke given off the burning end of a cigarette, pipe, or cigar, and the smoke exhaled by smokers?

Back 47

T

Front 48

Secondhand smoke is not chemically similar to the smoke inhaled directly by smokers?

Back 48

F

Front 49

For every 8 smokers who die, they take ____ nonsmoker(s) with them?

Back 49

1

Front 50

Consequences of Secondhand Smoke Exposure?

Back 50

asthma, bronchitis, heart disease, lung cancer, other cancers

Front 51

How to protect yourself from secondhand smoke?

Back 51

1) Ask smokers to smoke outside. 2) Roll down windows if someone in the car smokes. 3) Stay as far away from smokers as possible!

Front 52

T/F. Question 5 also permits local governments to adopt regulations more restrictive than state law.?

Back 52

T

Front 53

The ________ Health District and the ________ Health Division are responsible for enforcing compliance to the NCIAA?

Back 53

Washoe County, Nevada State

Front 54

Violations can be reported by completing an __________ on the health district or health division’s website?

Back 54

NCIAA Complaint Form

Front 55

Nevadans voted on November 7, _______ to enact the Nevada Clean Indoor Air Act (Question 5) in order to protect themselves and their families from the dangers of secondhand smoke?

Back 55

2006

Front 56

Smoking tobacco in any form is now prohibited in places like: ?

Back 56

Public and private school buildings and on public and private school grounds, Child care facilities with five or more children, All areas of grocery stores, convenience stores and drug stores, All indoor areas within restaurants, including those in casinos,Bars, taverns and saloons that serve food, Shopping malls and retail establishments, Video arcades, Movie theaters

Front 57

Tobacco use causes more than __________ deaths per year?

Back 57

5 million

Front 58

Current trends show that tobacco use will cause more than _______ deaths annually by 2030?

Back 58

8 million

Front 59

On average, smokers die __________ years earlier than nonsmokers?

Back 59

13 to 14

Front 60

Top 5 countries for consumption of cigarettes?

Back 60

China (35% of world’s cigarettes), Russia, United States, Japan, Indonesia

Front 61

T/F. Cigarette smoking is the leading preventable cause of death?

Back 61

T

Front 62

Cigarette smoking is responsible for about ¬¬¬¬¬¬_______ deaths annually?

Back 62

1/5

Front 63

Tobacco use kills about _________ people per year?

Back 63

400,000

Front 64

An estimated __________ of tobacco-related deaths are the result of secondhand smoke exposure?

Back 64

50,000

Front 65

_______ of U.S. adults are current smokers?

Back 65

19.3%

Front 66

________ of high school students are current smokers?

Back 66

19.5%

Front 67

Each day, about ________ people younger than 18 years of age become new regular, daily smokers?

Back 67

1,000

Front 68

T/F. Higher tobacco taxes ?

Back 68

T(currently .80/pack in NV

Front 69

T/F. Laws requiring smoke-free workplaces and public places?

Back 69

T

Front 70

T/F. Well-funded prevention programs (no state tobacco funds) ?

Back 70

T

Front 71

T/F. Non-regulation of the manufacturing, marketing and sale of tobacco products?

Back 71

F

Front 72

CDC recommended funding level?

Back 72

$32.5 million/yr

Front 73

NV: allocates _______ for tobacco prevention/cessation?

Back 73

$0

Front 74

Ranks NV ______ among states in funding of tobacco prevention programs in SFY2012?

Back 74

50th

Front 75

_________ in tobacco-generated revenue (MSA pymts and tobacco taxes)

Back 75

yet none is spent on prevention?

Front 76

An _______ increase in tobacco tax (if earmarked for tobacco control) would get NV to CDC recommended funding levels?

Back 76

$.31

Front 77

T/F. You get a $1.31 return on investment for every $1 spent on tobacco cessation (ALA report 2010)?

Back 77

T

Front 78

Last cigarette tax increase was 7/22/2003

Back 78

requested tobacco tax increase in legislative sessions

Front 79

T/F. Low tar and low nicotine cigarettes make smoking safer?

Back 79

False

Front 80

T/F. “Light” (low tar) cigs are much safer and are a good option to quitting?

Back 80

False

Front 81

T/F. “All natural,” hand-rolled cigs are safer?

Back 81

False

Front 82

T/F. Lifelong smokers of hand-rolled cigs have been found to have an increased risk of some cancers (larynx, esophagus, mouth, pharynx) compared to manufactured cigs?

Back 82

F

Front 83

T/F. Menthol cigarettes are safer than other brand cigarettes?

Back 83

False

Front 84

_________ of all cigs sold in the US are flavored with menthol?

Back 84

¼

Front 85

T/F. Menthol produces a cooling sensation in the throat when the smoke is inhaled?

Back 85

T

Front 86

T/F. Menthol decreases the cough reflex and covers the dry feeling in the throat?

Back 86

T

Front 87

T/F. People who smoke menthol cigs can inhale deeper and hold the smoke longer?

Back 87

T

Front 88

T/F. Smokeless tobacco products (spit, chewing or snuff) are safe alternatives to cigarette smoking?

Back 88

False

Front 89

Every pinch of dip, it is equivalent to____ cigs?

Back 89

3

Front 90

Most harmful carcinogen is the ________ (100 X higher than in foods)?

Back 90

nitrosamines

Front 91

Smokeless Tobacco results in Leukoplakia?

Back 91

T

Front 92

Smokeless Tobacco results in Recession of the gums, gum disease and tooth decay?

Back 92

T

Front 93

Smokeless Tobacco results in Bad breath and teeth to become discolored?

Back 93

T

Front 94

Smokeless Tobacco results in Greater likelihood of losing their teeth at an early age due to periodontal problems?

Back 94

T

Front 95

As many as _______% of high school boys and 2% of high school girls in the U.S. use smokeless tobacco?

Back 95

14%

Front 96

Dipping 8 to 10 times a day can bring as much nicotine into the body as smoking _________cigarettes?

Back 96

30-40

Front 97

Smokeless Tobacco results in Smokeless tobacco products are not as addictive as cigarettes and can cause the same type of dependence, which makes quitting smokeless tobacco very difficult?

Back 97

F

Front 98

E-Cigarettes can be battery powered devices that provides inhaled does of nicotine by way of a vaporized solution?

Back 98

T

Front 99

E-Cigarettes are alternative to smoked tobacco products such as cigarettes, cigars or pipes?

Back 99

T

Front 100

The vapor from E-Cigarettes provides a flavor and physical sensation similar to inhaled tobacco smoke so advertised as a means to quit smoking?

Back 100

T

Front 101

Various designs and flavors of E-Cigarettes is directed to mimic smoked tobacco products and certain brands of tobacco?

Back 101

T

Front 102

T/F. Smoking during pregnancy is not linked with a greater chance of miscarriage, premature delivery, infant death, low-birth weight, and sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)?

Back 102

F

Front 103

T/F. Up to 5% of infant deaths would be prevented if pregnant women did not smoke?

Back 103

T

Front 104

T/F. Nicotine, carbon monoxide and other harmful chemicals enter the bloodstream, pass directly into the baby’s body, and keep it from getting vital nutrients it needs for growth?

Back 104

T

Front 105

Heavy smoker: A person that smokes?

Back 105

a pack a day (20 cigs/day) or more

Front 106

Average smoker: A person that smokes?

Back 106

between 10 and 20 cigs/day

Front 107

Light smoker: A person that smokes?

Back 107

less than 10 cigs/day

Front 108

T/F. Precontemplation: not ready to quit (has no intention to quit within next 6 months) ?

Back 108

T

Front 109

T/F. Contemplation: thinking about quitting (intends to quit within next 6 months) ?

Back 109

T

Front 110

T/F. Preparation: ready to quit (willing to set a quit date within 30 days) ?

Back 110

T

Front 111

T/F. Action: quit (has quit for less than 6 months) ?

Back 111

T

Front 112

T/F. Maintenance: staying quit (has quit for more than 6 months) ?

Back 112

T

Front 113

T/F. Termination: living quit (no longer using tobacco) ?

Back 113

T

Front 114

T/F. 40% are not ready to quit

Back 114

40% are thinking about quitting

Front 115

What are the 3A’s Brief Intervention Skills?

Back 115

Ask, Advice, Assist

Front 116

Withdrawal Symptoms are?

Back 116

Depression, Insomnia,Irritability, frustration, or anger, Anxiety, Difficulty concentrating, Restlessness, Increased appetite or weight gain, Dizziness

Front 117

Medicines that help decrease or stop a smoker’s withdrawal symptoms by giving controlled doses of nicotine without the other harmful chemicals of cigarette smoke (FDA approved)?

Back 117

NRT

Front 118

NRTs also help the smokers control their _______ responses as they quit?

Back 118

physical

Front 119

T/F. For best result, people should use NRTs along with behavioral change programs that are designed to help smokers break their psychological dependence on cigarettes?

Back 119

T

Front 120

Types of NRT?

Back 120

Nicotine Patch (OTC and RX)

Front 121

Who can use NRT therapy:?

Back 121

all smokers trying to quit except in the presence of special circumstances: patient’s with medical contraindications, those smoking less than 10cigs/day, pregnant and teen smokers

Front 122

What factors should be considered when choosing which NRT to use:?

Back 122

no sufficient data to rank them

Front 123

Can NRTs be used long-term:?

Back 123

yes, may be effective with smokers who report persistent withdrawal symptoms

Front 124

Can NRTs be combined:?

Back 124

yes, there is evidence that combining the nicotine patch with either nicotine gum or nicotine spray increases long-term abstinence rates over those produced by a single form of NRT

Front 125

***NRT therapy should be monitored by?

Back 125

a medical provider or a certified tobacco counselor

Front 126

T/F. Benefit of Quitting is Improved health?

Back 126

T

Front 127

T/F. Benefit of Quitting is Food will taste better?

Back 127

T

Front 128

T/F. Improved sense of smell?

Back 128

T

Front 129

T/F. Save money?

Back 129

T

Front 130

T/F. Feel better about yourself ?

Back 130

T

Front 131

T/F. Home, car, and breath will smell better?

Back 131

T

Front 132

T/F. Can stop worrying about quitting?

Back 132

T

Front 133

T/F. Set a good example for kids?

Back 133

T

Front 134

T/F. Not worrying about exposing others to smoke?

Back 134

T

Front 135

T/F. Feel better physically?

Back 135

T

Front 136

T/F. Perform better in sports?

Back 136

T

Front 137

T/F. Social acceptance?

Back 137

T

Front 138

T/F. Whiter, healthier teeth?

Back 138

T

Front 139

T/F. No more hacking cough?

Back 139

T

Front 140

T/F. Breath, hair, and clothes smell better?

Back 140

T

Front 141

T/F. All forms of tobacco are dangerous?

Back 141

T

Front 142

T/F. Even if the health risks were smaller for some tobacco products as opposed to others, all tobacco products contain nicotine, which can lead to increased use and addiction?

Back 142

T

Front 143

T/F. Tobacco cannot be considered safe in any amount or form?

Back 143

T

Front 144

T/F. Common misconception is that quitting doesn’t help a lifelong smoker. Reality is that the sooner a smoker quits, the more they can reduce their chances of getting cancer and other chronic diseases?

Back 144

T

Front 145

T/F. People can still develop cancer years after they quit if the damage had already occurred?

Back 145

T

Front 146

T/F. Approx 40% of smokers try to quit each year?

Back 146

T

Front 147

T/F. Average 8-10 attempts before successful?

Back 147

T

Front 148

T/F. Documenting tobacco use should be part of the medical history?

Back 148

T

Front 149

T/F. Ask about tobacco use each time you see the patient or at the pre-determined intervals?

Back 149

T

Front 150

T/F. Provide brief intervention counseling for all tobacco users (minimum 3 A’s: ASK, ADVICE, ASSIST) ?

Back 150

T

Front 151

T/F. Document the frequency/amount of use as well as if they have made a quit attempt?

Back 151

T

Front 152

T/F. Document any protocol that you have recommended?

Back 152

T

Front 153

T/F. As dental professionals, we should not only offer our patients the oral cancer screenings, but we should also educate any patient that has a positive history of tobacco use?

Back 153

T

Front 154

T/F. The brief intervention counseling they receive from us may be the message they need to quit and can help them maintain a better quality of life in the future?

Back 154

T

Front 155

Definition: Communication is an exchange of understanding between a _______ and a________ ?

Back 155

sender, receiver

Front 156

As it applies to the dental profession: Communication is an exchange of _________ between the dentist and the patient?

Back 156

understanding

Front 157

T/F. Communication is the exchange of thoughts, ideas, feelings, information, opinions, and knowledge.?

Back 157

T

Front 158

T/F **Effective communication doesn’t help build trust and patient loyalty?

Back 158

F

Front 159

T/F. Characteristics of Effective Communication: Desires to communicate?

Back 159

T

Front 160

T/F. Characteristics of Effective Communication: Understands how others learn?

Back 160

T

Front 161

T/F. Characteristics of Effective Communication: Cues the receiver as to the purpose of the message?

Back 161

T

Front 162

T/F. Characteristics of Effective Communication: Considers the content, importance and complexity of the message in determining the channel to utilize?

Back 162

T

Front 163

T/F. Characteristics of Effective Communication: ConsideTrs the time frame associated with the content of the message in selecting the channel?

Back 163

T

Front 164

T/F. Characteristics of Effective Communication: Has credibility – trust?

Back 164

T

Front 165

T/F. Characteristics of Effective Communication: Encourages positive/negative feedback?

Back 165

T

Front 166

Personal Communication Barriers:?

Back 166

Individual frame of reference, Beliefs/values,Prejudices,Selective perception Fear,Evaluate the source,Status quo,Empathy

Front 167

T/F. Environmental Communication Barriers: Competition for time and attention (SDM hours/clinic schedule vs their own work/personal schedule) ?

Back 167

T

Front 168

T/F. Environmental Communication Barriers: Degree of dentists’ openness (willingness to listen/hear what the patient has to say) ?

Back 168

T

Front 169

T/F. Environmental Communication Barriers: Number of hierarchical levels (Faculty, Mentors, Team Leaders, SDM Administration) ?

Back 169

T

Front 170

T/F. Environmental Communication Barriers: Power status of relationship (Dr/Patient role) ?

Back 170

T

Front 171

T/F. Environmental Communication Barriers: Jargon (dental terminology vs laymen’s terms) ?

Back 171

T

Front 172

What are the 2 types of verbal communication?

Back 172

oral & written

Front 173

Oral Communication is Face to face communication, telephone communication, teleconferencing , meetings, speeches?

Back 173

true

Front 174

Written Communication is Orders, instructions, letters, memos, reports, policy manuals, emails, advertisements, brochures etc.?

Back 174

T

Front 175

What are the types of nonverbal communication?

Back 175

Facial expressions (tense muscles, scowling, smile, frown), Body language: posture and stance (folding of arms, shrugging of shoulders), Eye contact (glaring or looking down at the person), Gestures (waving, pointing), Paralanguage: inflection, loudness, pitch, and tone of voice, Personal space (casual: 18 inches to 4 feet

Front 176

T/F. ***While nonverbal communication and behavior can vary dramatically between cultures, the facial expressions for happiness, sadness, anger, and fear are similar throughout the world.?

Back 176

T

Front 177

How do you talk to the pedo patient about the local anesthetic?: Try and find out if the patient has ever had anesthetic administered before (if so, find out if it was a good experience), Explain to the patient that in order to fix the teeth, you will have to make the tooth fall asleep

Back 177

this requires a special medicine (sleepy juice) with a special instrument (syringe), Explain to the patient that the special instrument to get the sleepy juice into the tooth will feel like a small mosquito bite, explain that after the mosquito bite, the tongue, cheek and lip will start to get big (depends on location of injection), Explain that prior to the sleepy juice, a gel is placed on their gums so that the mosquito bite is very small, Have them close their eyes and lift their head, you can also shine the light in their eyes to ensure that they keep them closed (you can have them imagine that they are at an amusement park for instance), Another option is to place headphones on and have them look at the monitor ( good distractions may help calm an apprehensive pedo patient), If the patient is still too apprehensive to anesthetize, you can use nitrous