Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
72 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What is the definition of health?
|
health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well being
|
|
|
Who defined health and when?
|
-WHO world health organization
-adopted in 1946 -entered into force 1948 |
|
|
What type of changing perspectives now broaden the definition of health?
|
-changes in social conditions and morals, professional ethids and social institutions
-shifts in views of civil and human rights -recognition of environmental health and ecology |
|
|
What other types of changing perspectives now broaden the definition of health?
|
-technological changes influencing work, home and life in communities such as transportation, computing and telecommunications
-advancements in the biological, physical, quantitative, social and behavioral sciences |
|
|
When did the Ottawa charter for health promotion come to be?
|
1986
|
|
|
What did the Ottawa charter for Health promotion say about health?
|
health is a major resource for social, economic and personal development and an important dimension of quality of life
|
|
|
What did the Ottawa charter for Health promotion say were factors that can favor or be harmful to health?
|
-political
-economic -social -environmental -behavioral -biologic factors |
|
|
What did the Ottawa charter for Health promotion say are prerequisites for health/fundamental conditions and resources for health?
|
peace, shelter, education, food, income, a stable ecosystem, sustainable resources, social justice, epuity
|
|
|
What are determinants of health?
|
factors that interact to create circumstances and produce specific health conditions
|
|
|
What are the two categories that are determinants of health?
|
-inherited determinants
-acquired determinants |
|
|
What are inherited determinants?
|
factors that are inborn or genetically determines
|
|
|
What are acquired determinants?
|
-factors that influence health and are obtained after birth and throughout life
-examples:infections, trauma, cultural characteristics, spiritual values |
|
|
What are some more factors that affect health throughout life?
|
-general socioeconomic, cultural and environmental conditions
-living and working conditions -social and community influences -individual lifestyle factors -age, gender, genetic factors |
|
|
What is the conceptual model 1?
|
Mandala of health: A model of the human ecosystem
**deals with self, family, lifestyle, community, culture |
|
|
What is the conceptual model 2?
|
-a systematic approach to health improvement
-the framework from healthy people 2010 ***deals with goals, objectives |
|
|
What are the determinants of health?
|
All interconnected
-policies and interventions -physical environment -social environment -behavior, individual, biology -access to quality care |
|
|
Is oral health more than healthy teeth and the absence of disease?
|
yes
|
|
|
Is oral health integral to general health?
|
yes
|
|
|
What are some factors that can influence oral, dental and craniofacial health?
|
-behavioral,pshchological
-biology, physiological -physical environment -social environment, cultural, community factors -economic educational -policies and interventions -access to quality health care and oral health care-characteriatics of intitutions and systems, practices of professionals |
|
|
What does "access to oral health services" mean?
|
-clinical dental care
-community preventive services(like water fluoridation) |
|
|
What factors affect access to oral health services?
|
-availability
-accessibility -accommodation -affordability -acceptability |
|
|
What are some individual behaviors affecting oral, dental and craniofacial health?
|
-diet & nutrition
-home care practices -seeking dental care -tobacco use -alcohol use -craniofacial injury control practices -habitual grinding and clenching |
|
|
What are some factors involved in periodontal disease and dental caries?
|
-etiologic agents
-time -environment and behavior -patient susceptibility |
|
|
Is dental caries a multifactoral oral disease?
|
yes
|
|
|
What factors are in the epidemiology triangle?
|
-host factors
-environmental factors -agent factors |
|
|
What are host factors of the epidemiology triangle?
|
-tooth enamel-crystal and mineral structure
-saliva-flow and composition -immunity-response to pathogens -host-values, beliefs, behaviors |
|
|
What are agent factors of the epidemiology triangle?
|
-bacterial biofilm
-specific bacteria-streptococcus mutans and lactobacillus -other bacteria |
|
|
What are environmental factors of the epidemiology triangle?
|
-plaque
-enzymes -minerals -bacterial substrate-fermentable CHO -protective factors-fluorids -socioeconomic factors -community norms and cultural factors -family & social support networks |
|
|
How do the cultural factors ethnicity, symbolism, tradition influence dietary intake?
|
cultural identities with food, special celebrations
|
|
|
How does the cultural factor religion influence dietary intake?
|
religious groups retain food practices
|
|
|
How does the cultural factor family influence dietary intake?
|
parents pass on food likes and dislikes, family traditions
|
|
|
How does the cultural factor social status influence dietary intake?
|
social connotations, food gifts
|
|
|
How does the cultural factor geography influence dietary intake?
|
food habit patterns between countries and within countries, local seasonal variations
|
|
|
How does the cultural factor education influence dietary intake?
|
eating habits influenced by peers, mass communication
|
|
|
How does the cultural factor economic factors influence dietary intake?
|
food prices and financial considerations tied to types and amounts
|
|
|
How does the cultural factor current trends influence dietary intake?
|
"fast" food out or prepared food
|
|
|
How does the psychological factor emotion influence dietary intake?
|
food is used to soothe distress or discomfort
|
|
|
How does the psychological factor associations with past experiences influence dietary intake?
|
avoid food tied to unpleasant incidents or gravitatie to foods ties to pleasant situations
|
|
|
How does the psychological factor reward and punishment influence dietary intake?
|
food is used as incentives or manipulate behavior
|
|
|
What type of physiological factor health conditions influence dietary intake?
|
diabetes, heart disease, allergies
|
|
|
What about the sences physiological factor influences dietary intake?
|
food appearance, color, consistency and odor
|
|
|
What are general factors that affect dietary intake?
What do these factors lead to? |
-individuals,food,environment
-preferences/contraints,food choice, and food consumption |
|
|
What is the guide to community preventive services handbook for?
|
a logic framework illustrating a conceptual approach to nutrition and community health
|
|
|
What is the focus of prevention concerning environmental influences?
|
-sociocultural environment
-physical environment |
|
|
What is the focus of prevention concerning risk behaviors?
|
-tobacco use
-alcohol abuse -other substance abuse -poor nutrition -inadequate physicala activity -unhealthy sexual behaviors |
|
|
What is the focus of prevention concerning specific conditions?
|
-vaccine preventable disease
-pregnancy outcomes -violence -motor vehicle injuries -depression -cancer -diabetes -oral health |
|
|
What is the definition of health promotion?
|
Any planned combination of education, politaical, regulatory and organizational supports for action and conditions of living conducive to the health of individuals, groups or communities
|
|
|
Is health education an importent part of health promotion?
|
yes
|
|
|
What all is involved in health promotion?
|
-advocacy
-efforts to change organizations, policies and environments -political considerations -ethical responsibilities |
|
|
What actions can focus on health promotion suggested by the ottawa charter for health promotion?
|
-building healthy public policy
-creating supportive environments -strengthening community actions -developing personal skills -reorienting health services |
|
|
What is the definition of health promotion?
|
this is a broad concept that refers to the process of enabling people and communities to increase their control over the determinants of health and to improve their own health
|
|
|
What are community health promotion activities and programs that address health problems in populations?
|
-creating a healthy environment
-reducing risk factors -informing target groups -improving knowledge and behaviors |
|
|
What is the definition of oral health promotion?
|
any planned combination of education, political, regulatory and organizational supports for action and conditions of living conducive to the oral health or individuals, groups, or communities
|
|
|
Is oral health education an important part of oral health promotion?
|
yes
|
|
|
What are some examples of oral health promotion?
|
-programs that encourage people of all ages to stop using tobacco
-regulations requiring the use of mouthguards in contact sports -laws prohibit tobacco sales to minors -labels that indicate the amount of sugar in a food product |
|
|
What is the definition of health education?
|
any planned combination of learning experiences designed to predispose, enable, or reinforce voluntary behavior conducive to health in individuals, groups, or communities
|
|
|
What is the definition of oral health education?
|
any planned combination of learning experiences designed to predispose, enable or reinforce voluntary behavior conducive to oral health in individuals, groups or communities
|
|
|
What are examples of oral health education?
|
-health education program to prevent tobacco use among youth as a component of a coordinated school health program
|
|
|
What are examples of oral health education?
|
-community wide health education interventions to promote use of dental sealants by directing education strategies to the public in the community, dental practitioners, health professionals, policy makers, perents and individuals
|
|
|
What is an example of oral health education?
|
patient education with a patient that enhances dietary habits to prevent dental caries
|
|
|
What are various settings for oral health promotion and oral health education?
|
-clinical health care settings
-government agencies -volunntary health organizations -health systems and hospitals -health insurers -worksite and employee health programs -school health- preschool/highschool -college and university students health programs -professional organizations -community organizations -media organizations |
|
|
Who can provide and support effoerts that can make a difference through oral health promotion and oral disease prevention?
|
-clinical practitioner
-program adminstrator -advisor -advocate -volunteer -in the private, public and non-profit sectors |
|
|
What is the definition of a theory?
|
a set of interrelated concepts, definitions and propositions that present a systematic view of events or situations by specifying relations among variables, in order to explain and predict the events or situations
***this is sometimes called the conceptuaal framework or model |
|
|
When does an abstract theory come to life?
|
only when it is applied to specific topics and problems
|
|
|
For planning health promotion efforts, is it important to classify and explain the multitude of factors that influence health?
|
yes
|
|
|
In an effort to promote health and prevent disease, what do theories do?
|
help to analyze and interpret health problems and then to plan and evaluate interventions
|
|
|
What different specific levels are theories for health promotion practice focused at?
|
-individual/intrapersonal
-interpersonal between people -community including institiutional or arganizational change as well as public policy -multiple levels including community, interpersonal & individual levels |
|
|
What type of theories are implemented at the community level?
****institutional change, organizational change and public policy change |
-community organization theory
-stage theory of organizational change -diffusion of innovations theory |
|
|
What type of theories are implemented at the interpersonal level?
**between people |
-social learning theroy (also called the social cognitive theory)
|
|
|
What type of theories are implemented at the individual level?
***intrapersonal-within the individual |
-stages of change theory (also called the transtheoretical model)
-health belief model |
|
|
What type of theories are implemented at multiple levels?****community,interpersonal and individual levels
|
-ecological model
|
|
|
What are some characteristics of the ecological approach theory?
|
-influence environments and behaviors at multiple levels
-consist of multiple components and targets of changes -achieve synergistic effects on behaviors, practices and outcomes |
