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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Schedule of Reinforcements |
Rule which describes or specifies which responses will be followed by reinforcement and which will not |
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Continuous reinforcement (CRF) |
Schedule specifies that each and every single response that is embedded is reinforced |
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Intermittent schedule |
Schedule specifies that some but not all responses are reinforced |
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Continuous schedules are used to: |
Establish or strengthen and behavior |
Create? Weakens? |
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Intermittent schedules are used to: |
Maintain behavior |
Once it’s already been established |
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Ratio schedule |
Reinforcement is delivered based on number of responses |
Based on the # |
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Interval schedule |
A variable interval schedule (VI) is a type of operant conditioning reinforcement schedule in which reinforcement is given to a response after specific amount of time has passed (an unpredictable amount of time), but this amount of time is on a changing/variable schedule. |
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Variable schedule |
The value, response/time, is random, but centers around the value |
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FR |
Fixed Ratio |
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VR |
Variable Ratio |
Slot machine |
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FI |
Fixed Interval |
Working and getting paid 6.50 /hour |
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VI |
Variable Interval |
Fish bite on average 20 times every 5 hours |
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Limit hold |
A restriction placed on an interval schedule requiring the response occur within a specified time following the interval to be eligible for reinforcement |
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Produces unstable responding |
Fixed schedules |
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Produces stable responding |
Variable schedules |
Not constant |
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Produces higher levels of responding |
Rate schedules |
How many times? |
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VI Pattern |
Consistent and stable; low to moderate rates |
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FI pattern |
“Scallop”; slow to moderate rates; post because then gradual acceleration |
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VR Pattern |
Consistent steady, very high rates |
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FR Pattern |
High rates, post reinforcement pause; all or nothing; break and run |
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Differential reinforcement |
consists of two operations: reinforcement and extinction |
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Differentiation |
Result of an R-S contingency leading to difference in responses |
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Discrimination |
Result of an S-R-S contingency leading to responding to stimulus (and not absence) |
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Parameters of Reinforcement (name 3) |
Magnitude, Quantity, Duration |
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tact |
verbal operant under antecedent control of non-verbal |
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duplic |
verbal operant under antecedent control of verbal stimuli with point-to-point correspondence & formal similarity |
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receptive language |
under antecedent control of mand to comply |
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Assumptions/Characteristics of Science |
1. Determinism 2. Law of Parsimony 3. Scientific Manipulation 4. Empiricism 5. Philosophic Doubt 6. Replication |
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Determinism |
Assumption of Science. Behavior is caused by some event. |
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Empiricism |
Assumption of Science. Information is collected by objective observations |
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Law of Parsimony |
Assumption of Science. The simplest explanation of behavior should be provided, all else being equal |
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Philosophic Doubt |
Assumption of Science. Conclusions of science are tentative and can be revised as new data comes to light. |
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Science |
Science is a systematic approach for seeking and organizing knowledge about the natural world |
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Goals of Science |
Prediction and Control |
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Pragmatic Truth Criterion |
Assesses the truth of theories or beliefs in terms of the success of their practical application. |
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Two Types of Science |
Natural & Social |
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Examples of Social Sciences |
Economics, Traditional Psychology, Sociology, Political Science |
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Examples of Natural Science |
Physics, Chemistry, Biology, Behavior analysis |
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Social Science |
hypothetical Constructs; indirect measurement |
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Natural Science |
Empirical Phenomona; direct observation/measurement; manipulates independent variables |
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