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86 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What 3 bugs will cause lobar pneumonia?
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pneumococcus
Klebsiella Streptococcus pneumonia |
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Name the 4 types of lung carcinoma
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adeno
squamous small cell large cell |
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Hematuria and RBC casts are dignostic for what type of glomerulonephritis?
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nephritic syndromes
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What is the most common NephtOtic syndrome in children
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minimal change disease
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What are the 3 components of staghorn calculi?
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Mg-NH3-Phosphate
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What causes staghorn calculi?
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infections....UTIs caused by Proteus
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What is the agent that causes syphillus?
What is the DOC? |
Treponema Pallidrum
DOC: Pen G |
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Which type of testicular germ cell tumor is characterized by very high production of AFP?
And which type of ovarian cancer shares the same characterisitcs? |
Testicular: yolk sac tumor
Ovary: endodermal sinus tumor |
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What type of ovarian tumor is defined by cysts lined with ciliated epithelium?
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Serous - ciliated
mucinous - nonciliated |
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what are the 5 major risk factors for endometrial carcinoma?
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Age>40
early menarche late menopause nulliparity obese |
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what are the 5 major risk factors for breast cancer?
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same as endometrial....
age>40 early menarche late menopause nulliparity obesity |
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What is Koplik's spot in the mouth indicative of?
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white dots on red backgrounds.....means Measles
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What type of esophagous diverticulum involves all layers?
What type involves only the mucinous layer? |
All layers = traction diverticula
Mucinous layer only = Pulsion better known as ZENKER'S |
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What do cloxacillin, oxacillan, and methicillin have in common with respect to good ability to destroy certain pathogens?
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Kill bacteria with Beta Lacatamase enzyme
mostly used in skin infections |
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What generation of cephalosporins are Cefamanadole and cefoxitin in?
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2nd generation
think the 2 yr old MAN with a Fox |
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What type of gastritis does H. pylori cause and why must it be treated asap?
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Chronic Type B gastritis
can lead to carcinoma of the stomach if not treated |
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What is the risk of getting colon cancer if you have familial polyposis?
What about Gardner's disease? |
Familial polyposis - 100%
Gardner's - 100% |
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IIf a person presents with abdominal pain, very little or no blood in the stool, skip lesions on the ileum, what is this?
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Chron's disease
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What are the 3 parts of Charcot's triad?
these are signs of Cholangitis*** |
1. acute onset fever and sepsis
2. RUQ pain 3. Juandice |
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What is the classification of 1. juandice if there is high serum unconjugated bilirubin?
2. high serum conjuagated bilirubin? 3. high unconjugated and conjugated bilirubin |
1. High Serum Bilirubin
Indirect Prehepatic hemolysis 2. High serum conjugated bilirubin Direct Post hepatic cholestasis 3. Hepatic Hepatitis High unconjugated and conjugated bilirubin |
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Compare the transmission routes and incubation times of Hep A and Hep B
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Hep A:
Virus spreads via feces takes 2-6 weeks incubation fecal oral Hep B: Parenteral (blood, fluids, etc) incuabtion is 2-6 months 10% chance will come strenth |
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If a pts blood test indicates that she is positive for anti-HBsAg, does that mean that she is currently suffering from an active hepB infection?
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NO!!!
HBsAg forms before onset of symptoms, can indicate current or chronic infection*** This is the surface antigen* |
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If you see new onset diabetes, BRONZE SKIN, and cirrhosis what is it?
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Hemochromatosis
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Which fingers jts are more effected in Osteoarthritis?
RA? |
Osteo = DISTAL
RA = Proximal, metocarpal phalangeal joints*** |
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What are the rules of 3 relevant to thoracic vertebrae?
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T1-T3: tvp is same level as sp
T4-6: sp is located 1/2 way below tvp T7-9: sp is located 1 segment below TP T10-12: T10 is (T7-9), T11 is (T4-6), T12 is (T1-3) |
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name the false ribs
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Ribs 8-10 and 11,12
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What is the primary rotation of the thoracic spine?
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rotation
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What ribs primarily move with a pump-handle motion?
bucket-handle motion? caliper motion? |
pump-handle: ribs 1-5
bucket-handle : 6-10 caliper: 11-12 |
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Name the attachments of the diaphragm
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ribs 6-12 bilaterally
bodies and intervertebral discs L1-L3 Xyphoid process |
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In an inhalation dysfunction what is the key rib?
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Low/Bottom Rib
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Prostaglandins and bradykinins share what common feature in terms of thier effects on how we feel when we get sick or injured?
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cause pain and vasodilation
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What cell type produces IL-1 and what cell type does IL-1 stimulate?
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Macrophages make IL-1
Stimulates CD4 Tcells |
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What inheritance pattern exists for a particular disease if there is no MALE-to-MALE transmission and the parents of the sick child are not sick?
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x-linked recessive
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What HLA type do most with mutiple sclerosis and narcolepsy share?
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DR2
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What are the VDRL and FTA-ABS test results for an SLE pt?
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VDRL - false positive (cardiolipin Abs
FTA-ABS - confirmed by negative FTA-ABS You do this bc syphillus can cause a similar like reaction, syphillus and SLE are both VDRL (+) but only syphillus is also FTA-ABS (+), SLE is FTA-ABS (-) |
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what clotting pathway does the PTT test?
PT? Bleeding time? |
PTT: intrinsic
PT: extrinsic and intrinsic bleeding time: platlet function |
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What does the Combs test evaluate?
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Direct: Cell body antibodys (miz pts RBCs with IgG)
Indirect: detects free AB (mix plasma with nl RBCs) |
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What specific type of macromolecules is reliant on folic acid and vitamine B12 for its synthesis? How is this related to anemia?
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Affects synthesis of RBCs DNA
causes a macrocytic anemia |
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Auer rods in myeloblasts are indicative of what disease?
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AML-Leukemia
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what kind of bacteria will aminoglycosides kill?
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only kill aerobic gram (-)
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What type of arterial inflammation is associated with hypersensitivity to tobacco?
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small and med vessels
thromboangiitis obliterans aka Burger's disease |
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What disease do BLUE Bloaters have?
Is is obstructuve or resitircted? |
chronic bronchitis
Obstructive |
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Name the drugs we studied that INHIBIT P450
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Some Pharmacy Classes Inhibit Drug Catabolism
Some - Sulfonamides Pharmacy - Phenylbutane Classes - Cholorphenacol Inhibit - Isozoid Drug - Dicumarol Catabolism - Cimetidine |
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What is the antidote for methnol poisoning?
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ethanol
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What is the DOC for strep pyrogenes?
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Pen G
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What is the DOC for Borrelia burgdorfen?
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Doxycycline
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In what plane does flexsion occur?
About what axis does it occur? |
Plane - saggital
Axis - Transverse |
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What cell type is classic in Hodgkin's disease?
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Reed-sternberg cells
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what type of arteriosclerosis is due to high serum calcium?
What type is due to malignant hypertension? What type is due to old age? What type is due to high lipid diet? |
high serum calcium - Monckebery
malignant htn - artherilosclerosis - hyperplastic old age - artheriolosclerosis - myelin high lipid diet - atherosclerosis |
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In a 3 yr Japanese boy with very red hands and soles, fever, and conjunctivitis, what arteritis does he most likely have?
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Kawasaki
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If the atlas is sidebent left what direction is it rotated?
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right
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draw the alternative and common pathways of the complement cascade
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Is serum calcium, phosphate, and alkaline phosphatase high, normal, or low in osteoporosis, osteomalacia, and Paget's disease?
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Osteoporosis:
nl Ca, nl phosphate, nl alk phos Osteomalacia: decreased Ca, decreased phosphate, increased alk phos Paget's disease: extrememly high alk phos, nl calcium, nl phosphate |
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what is the most common type of cartilage?
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hyaline....aka type I
used in joints, developing bones, trachea, larynx, and nose |
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what type of bone cancer is extremely aggressive, primarily affecting the pelvis and long bones (in the marrow cavities), and to be more prevalent in males?
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ewings sarcoma
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Why are the calves of duchenne muscular dystrophy patients very large?
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fatty and fibrous infiltration causes pseudohypertrophy
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what is the most common supratentorial tumor of the CNS in children?
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craniopharyngioma
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What CNS disorder is characterized by bradykinesia, a resting tremor, and rigidity?
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Parkinson's disease
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What is the typical age of onset for multiple sclerosis?
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20-40
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What is the MOA for MS?
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demyelination
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What is the primary hormone that is produced in excess in Cushing's syndrome?
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cortisol*** due to increased ACTH
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What general class of adrenal products is produced in excess in Conn's disease, and what is its effect on serum sodium levels?
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Increased serum Na
due to increased mineralcorticoids and increased aldosterone |
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What is the difference between Graves and Plummers disease
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both involve the thyroid***
Graves: lymphocytes small follicles little colloid diffuse toxic goiter Plummers: hyperplasia hypertrophy colloid accumulation nodular toxic goiter |
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What are the 4 major types of thyroid tumors?
Which is the most common? |
Benign: follicular adenoma - very common
Malignant: papillary - most common follicular - most aggressive anaplastic medullary |
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What are the PTH, Ca, levels in hypoparathyroidism?
What about pseudoparathyroidism? |
hypothyroidism - decreased PTH decreased Ca
pseudo - increased PTH and decreased Ca |
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What are the 4 organs involved in MEN type 1
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adrenal cortex
pituitary parathyroid pancrease (gastrinoma) |
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What are the ABCs of melanoma
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A - asymetirc lesion
B - Borders irregular C - Color variations D - Diameter increases |
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What skin disease arises due to antibodies directed against the intercellular junctions between keratinocytes?
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pemphigus
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What 2 organs are most affected by mercury poisoning?
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brain and kidney
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What is the DOC for herpes simplex virus 1 and 2
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acyclovir
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What color are gram positive bacteria after Gram staining?
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purple
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what kind of colitis is a risk after the use of broad spectrum antibiotics?
What is the causative agent? |
Pseudomembranous colitis by C. difficle
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The destruction of what organ causes death associated with acetomenaphen OD
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liver
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Of what are most renal calculi comprised?
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calcium
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what kind of aneurysm are Marfan's patients most predisposed towards?
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disecting aortic
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What type of germ cell tumor is ass with painless enlargement of the testes?
It is often curable bc of its radiosensitivity |
seminoma
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What is the causative agent of condyloma acuminatum and condyloma lata?
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acuminatum - HPV
lata - treponema pallidum |
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What is the source of alpha-amanitin?
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death cap mushrooms / toadstools
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If a patient is (+) for HBsAg what do we know about this pt?
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acute or chonic infection - currently have Hep B surface antigen
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If a pt presents with a small amount of rectal pain, a significant amount of red blood in the stool, and numerous pseudopolyps on colonoscopy, what disease is this?
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ulcerative collitis
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What kind of tumors are associated with Turcot's disease?
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brain tumors.....CNS
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What is the #1 germ cell tumor in men?
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seminoma
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What are the 4 subtypes of Hodgkin's disease and how does this relate to the Reed-Sternberg cells?
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1. lymphatic predominance
2. nodular sclerosis 3. mixed cellularity 4. lymphocyte depletion 1 and 2 have a better prognosis 3 and 4 have reed-sternberg cells and a poorer prognosis |
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What is the inheritence pattern of achondroplasia?
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Auto dominant
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How do Gilbert and Criglar-Najjar differn interms of uptake?
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Gilbert - impaired uptake and mild disease
Crigler-Najjar impaired uptake and severe disease both diseases have jaundice |
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What 3 cell types do C3a and C5a stimulate to release histamine?
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basophils
mass cells platlets |