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341 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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the commuter sprawl
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the large and growing suburbs of a city from which people travel to work
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wrapped up
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folded and arranged neatly
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bundles of notes
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an amount of paper money tied up together in blocks
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the anonymous donor
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the unidentified person who left the gift
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slipped in
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entered a room quietly
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reclaimed
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asked to be returned to the person to whom it belongs
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striking
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noticeable, impressive
قابل توجه |
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turned in
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has been taken to the police to be looked after
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recovered
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found and collected
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safes
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box made of reinforced metal to store valuables
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pastries
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baked foods
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a levy
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a tax
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saturated fat
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substance found in certain foods that is thought to contribute to heart disease
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reduce consumption
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lower the use of something
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hoarding
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buying a large amount more than they need to keep for future use
احتکار |
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to beat the price rise
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to avoid paying a higher price later
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scepticism
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doubt about the effectiveness of the decision
تردید |
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claims
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states as truth without necessarily proving it
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premature deaths
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deaths that happen earlier than expected
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waistband
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the top of a pair of trousers or skirt that attaches around the waist
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campaign
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a set of activities planned to achieve something
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criticism
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the expression of disapproval of someone or something
انتقاد |
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biodegradable
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something that decomposes or breaks down naturally without any special treatment
زیست تخریب پذیر |
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compulsory
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something that must be done
اجباری |
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financial levy
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a sum of money that you pay in tax
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landfill sites
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a place where a large amounts of waste materials are disposed of
سایت های دفن زباله |
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to wean
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to gradually make people stop doing something or using something
از شیر مادر گرفتن |
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behaviour
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the way people or things act
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environmentally friendly
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a caring effect on the natural world
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ethos
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set of ideas and attitudes
صفات و شخصیت انسان |
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a facility
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a group of buildings and structures that are used for a particular purpose
امکانات |
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quest
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a long and hard search for something that is difficult or maybe even impossible to find
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an array of
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a group of similar items
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plateaus
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a plateau is an area of flat land that is higher than the land around it. The plural can also be spelt 'plateaux'.
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emanated from
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came from
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flagship
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most important
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a tribute
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something that is done to show respect and admiration for someone
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visionary
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an original thinker with intelligence and imagination
رویایی |
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to pay tribute to
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to do something as a mark of respect for someone
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passed away
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died
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a diehard fan of
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a dedicated follower of
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a household name
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a product that is very widely known across all levels of society
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snapped up
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bought in large numbers very quickly
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tweeted
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wrote messages on the social media platform Twitter
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idolised
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admired greatly
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murky haze
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air difficult to see through due to smoke
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pollution hotspots
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areas where the air has its highest concentration of harmful substances
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acute
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severe; serious
حاد, بحرانی |
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seasonal average
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usual temperatures for that time of the year
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exacerbated
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worsened
بدتر |
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perennial
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continuous
همیشگی |
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smog
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heavily polluted air that contains a mixture of smoke
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a trick of nature
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an event that has not being prompted by man
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a shallow bowl
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a depressed landscape with surroundings slightly higher than the centre
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triggered
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brought about
باعث |
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iconic
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famous or well known. Also something that represents a place
یاد |
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landmark
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place which is easily identifiable
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perched
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sitting in a position that is close to the edge
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inaugurated
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opened officially
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flock to
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gather together in large numbers and go somewhere
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stress
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a feeling of tension and worry
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absence
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being unavailable
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tough
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difficult, hard
سخت ,زمخت |
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employees
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people who are paid to work for somebody
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taking its toll
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causing suffering, harm or damage
خسارت گرفتن |
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public sector
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part of the economy that is controlled or supported financially by the government
بخش دولتی |
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organisational change
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replacing the structure of a workplace with a different one
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job security
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the probability of someone keeping their job for a long time
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redundancies
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jobs which will stop existing
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a strategy
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a plan to achieve something
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counselling
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professional advice about a problem
مشاوره |
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she'd rather
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she would prefer
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dubbed
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given a name, usually by the media
لقب |
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day release
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scheme that allows her to leave prison during daytime
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having none of it
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not accepting any of the terms offered
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intend
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plan
قصد داشتن ,خیال داشتن |
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betrayed by
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deceived by
خیانت |
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low-life
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not high-class
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complained
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expressed unhappiness about
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allowance
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amount of money received regularly from the person who financially supported her
مستمری |
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ferret
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long-bodied furry mammal
موش خرما |
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fonts
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different styles and sizes of letters that are used in printing or typing
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an array
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a group or collection of things or people, often large or impressive
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typography
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the way of preparing and arranging printed material, especially designing how text will appear when it's printed
فن چاپ |
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calligraphy
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the art of producing beautiful handwriting often using a brush or a special pen
خطاطی ,خوش نویسی |
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unsophisticated
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simple and basic
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characteristics
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qualities or features that are typical of someone or something
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humanitarian
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concerned with reducing suffering and improving the conditions that people live in
بشر دوست |
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competent
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efficient and effective
شایسته |
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loathed
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disliked very much
منفور |
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jaunty
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light-hearted, full of confidence and energetic
خود نما ,جلف |
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modest
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not talking a lot about himself and his achievements
متواضع ,فروتن |
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to draw
draw |
to receive
قرعه کشیدن |
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well-informed
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having a good general knowledge and understanding of current affairs
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windfall
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a large amount of money which is received unexpectedly
ثروت باد اورده |
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in my wildest dreams
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when I imagined what the best result for me could be
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to pay off his debts
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to pay all the money that he owes to companies and other people
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aired
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broadcast
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hosted by
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presented by
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noted
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famous and respected
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espionage
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spying; the work of trying to learn the secrets of one country to pass on to another
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brush past
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walk in opposite directions towards each other and just touch as they pass
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undergrowth
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bushes, plants and weeds growing under the trees of a wooded area
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handler
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someone who acts as a contact for a spy
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infiltrator
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a person who secretly becomes part of a group in order to get information about that group
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cover
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everyday job used to hide the work of a spy
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blown
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discovered and revealed
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broke up
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arrested the members of
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assuming the identities of
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using the names and documents of other people
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an intriguing glimpse of
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a fascinating view of
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freak
|
unusual, irregular
دم دمی مزاج |
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Mother Nature
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an expression used to refer to the power of nature, the weather and so on
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blizzards
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heavy snowstorms with strong winds
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treacherous
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extremely dangerous
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grounded
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not permitted to fly
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death toll
|
number of people who died
تلفات |
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condemned
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criticised very strongly
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desecrating
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damaging and showing no respect for
بی حرمت کردن |
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scrap metal
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metal from old items which can be sold and then reused
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adopted
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accepted
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legitimate
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reasonable and acceptable
مشروع |
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vexed
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complicated and controversial, causing a lot of disagreement
بحث بر انگیز |
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meticulous
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careful and extremely detailed
خیلی دقیق |
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to cover their costs
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to make enough money to pay for their expenses
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laden with
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with a big cargo of
بارگیری شده ,مملو |
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bank transfers
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a method of moving money from one bank account to another
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postal orders
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official documents with an amount of money printed on them which can be exchanged at a post office for real money
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paper planes
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toy aeroplanes made from folded paper
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compound
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a property or group of buildings protected by fences and security
محوطه |
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tax evasion
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the crime of not paying money owed to a tax-raising authority
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a cover
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an official excuse which disguises the true reason
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a fierce government critic
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a person with strong public opinions against the government
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dogged pursuit
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very determined following of
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illegal fundraising
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collecting money in a way which is against the law
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to get at
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to criticise
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segregation
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تفکیک ,جدایی
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unchartered territory
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an unfamiliar situation
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in control
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has power to give orders and make decisions
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stuttered
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gone through in an unsure way, with stop and start
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widespread allegations
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a great number of statements not yet proven saying that illegal or improper things were done
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vote rigging
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dishonest way of influencing the result of an election through tampering with the vote
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an embarrassment
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bound to cause shame
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reflects
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shows
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fatigue
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tiredness
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dominated
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influenced decisively
تحت سلطه |
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political stage
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arena of politics
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sheer
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completely vertical
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hair-raising
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something so scary your hair stands up!
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volatile
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something that can change suddenly and unexpectedly
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ravaged
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harmed or damaged, nearly destroyed
ویران |
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mineral resources
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things that are found naturally in the earth, such as tin, salt, coal
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erupting volcano
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a type of mountain which has hot melted rock, steam and ash bursting out of the top
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lava
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the hot liquid rock which comes out of a volcano and becomes solid as it cools
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spewing out
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pouring out quickly and in large quantities
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proximity
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closeness
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to flee
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to run away
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endangered
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a person, animal or place that is in danger of being harmed or destroyed
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no doubting
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no questioning of the truthfulness (of something)
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lava flows
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continuous movement of lava in the form of a river
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gentle
|
mild and soft
ملایم |
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outflows
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outpour
بیرون ریختن |
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the charred remains
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matter reduced to charcoal after being burnt
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violent mode
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behaviour marked by great force and intensity
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lethal
|
deadly
مهلک ,مرگ اور |
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to predict
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to say something will happen before it does
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off-limits
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area not to be entered, of limited access
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warning
|
message indicating impending danger
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trend
|
a general direction in which a situation is developing
گرایش ,تمایل |
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the high street
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the main street of a town where most of the shops are located
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discounts
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amounts of money taken off the full price of things - sometimes used as an incentive to get people to buy them
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in the black
|
to be in profit (opposite of in the red)
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struggling
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trying hard to do something in a difficult situation or when there are problems
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estimated
|
not an exact calculation but an approximate idea of the number has been worked out
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transactions
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The selling of things from one person to another
معاملات |
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accustomed
|
to become familiar with doing something so that it becomes normal or usual
خو گرفته |
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retailers
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people or businesses who sell goods to the public
خرده فروشان |
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convenient
|
useful, easy or quick to do
راحت ,مناسب |
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carnivorous plants
|
plants that feed on insects
گیاهان گوشتخوار |
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lizard
|
a small reptile with a long body, long tail and four legs
مارمولک |
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the wildlife pantheon
|
a selection of species considered more famous or important
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aversion
|
strong dislike of
بیزاری ,نفرت |
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a treasure trove of biodiversity
|
a place where there are many fantastic animals and plants which haven't been seen by scientists before
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pressure is mounting
|
gradually increasing the exploitation of something
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resources
|
supplies of raw materials
|
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natural habitats
|
areas that offer the right conditions for a species to develop
زیستگاه های طبیعی |
|
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conservation
|
the preservation of species
حفظ منابع طبیعی ,حفاظت |
|
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sustainability
|
keeping something going without outside help
پایداری |
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mimic
|
to copy someone's behaviour or speech
تقلید کردن ,دست انداختن تقلیدی |
|
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domestic chores
|
regular and usually boring tasks you have to do at home
کارهای روزمره خانگی |
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replica
|
a good copy of something
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creepy
|
a strange or unpleasant feeling of fear
وحشت زده |
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sum up
|
to summarise
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app
|
an informal abbreviation for an application on a computer or mobile device
|
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carbon footprint
|
the amount of carbon dioxide that is produced by a person or company's activities
|
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credit crunch
|
a reduction in the availability of loans or credit
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hardship
|
a difficult situation, often caused by lack of money
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hard pressed
|
under a lot of pressure and worry
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prevailing
|
very common in a certain time or place
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a contender
|
someone or something that has a chance of winning in a competition
مدعی |
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vague
|
unclear
مبهم |
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persist
|
continue to exist
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the emblem
|
a picture of logo that represents a country
|
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wild beasts
|
untamed animals, usually big and four-legged
|
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spectators
|
people who watch an event
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mighty monument
|
imposing building with a strong historical significance
بنای یادبود |
|
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crumbling
|
falling into pieces
فاسد شده ,در حال فروپاشی |
|
|
environmentalists
|
people who are very interested in the environment and try to protect it from being damaged
محیط زیست شناسان |
|
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precarious state
|
not stable or secure
متزلزل |
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exhaust fumes
|
gases expelled by an active vehicle engine
دود اگزوز |
|
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vibrations
|
periodic motions or shakes
لرزش و ارتعاش |
|
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restoration project
|
building works to make a building resemble its original condition
|
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overtook
|
surpassed
سبقت ,پیشی گرفتن |
|
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proven oil reserves
|
confirmed information of the existence of crude oil deposits
|
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stretches over
|
spreads or covers a large area
|
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sticky
|
substance that tends to fix to any surface it touches
چسبنده |
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refine
|
purify the raw material
پالایش |
|
|
ecosystem
|
the animals and plants in a particular geographical area and how they interact with each other
|
|
|
investment costs
|
money spent in the process of bringing oil to the surface
|
|
|
unprecedented
|
that never happened before
بی سابقه |
|
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the consortia
|
several groups of companies joined together
|
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to commit to
|
to do something that can't be changed
متعهد به |
|
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landlord
|
owner of a property
|
|
|
barking mad
|
completely insane
|
|
|
dog-friendly
|
describes somewhere dogs are welcome
|
|
|
beverages
|
drinks
|
|
|
a treat
|
very well
|
|
|
auction
|
public sale where the person who offers most money receives the goods; Opposite: Tender
حراج ,مزایده |
|
|
closely watched
|
followed with particular attention
|
|
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the bidding
|
the offering of money at an auction
|
|
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smashed (a record)
|
easily broke (a record)
شکستن |
|
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a chain (of restaurants)
|
a group of restaurants with similar appearance, name and shared central management
|
|
|
to liven up
|
to bring happiness and cheer
|
|
|
recover
|
to go back to the way it was (before a disaster, illness etc)
|
|
|
battered by (something)
|
badly affected by (something)
|
|
|
mouthful
|
a piece of food small enough to be eaten in one bite; morsel
لقمه |
|
|
works out at
|
is calculated to be
|
|
|
adrenaline junkie
|
someone addicted to dangerous activities
|
|
|
into the void
|
into an empty space with no immediate touchable ground
|
|
|
a nightmare
|
a bad dream
کابوس |
|
|
in one piece
|
with no serious injury
|
|
|
cuts and bruises
|
minor injuries
بریدگی و کوفتگی |
|
|
to ban
|
to stop or forbid something
|
|
|
internal emails
|
emails sent and received between employees in the workplace
|
|
|
spam
|
junk emails
|
|
|
definitive
|
something that's determined, fixed or conclusive
قطعی |
|
|
embedding
|
implanting, to fix firmly
تعبیه |
|
|
to get rid of
|
to stop or clear away
|
|
|
keeping records
|
keeping evidence of things that happen
|
|
|
gathering momentum
|
getting faster and more detailed
|
|
|
coming under suspicion
|
being questioned
|
|
|
vessel
|
boat or a ship
|
|
|
coastguard
|
organisation which ensures the safety of ships and boats near the coast
|
|
|
shoreline
|
coast
|
|
|
the wreck
|
the remains of a ship which has sunk
|
|
|
maze
|
confusing system of passages
|
|
|
cabins
|
rooms in a boat or ship where people sleep
|
|
|
corridor
|
passage between rooms
|
|
|
member of the crew
|
person who works on a ship or plane
|
|
|
sanctuary
|
safe place
پناه گاه |
|
|
overwhelmed
|
received a number greater than it would normally cope with
بیش از اندازه |
|
|
washed up
|
brought to the shore of a body of water
از پا افتادن |
|
|
stuffed
|
totally filled with (something)
پر شده |
|
|
overfishing
|
fishing too much to the point of threatening the local fish population
|
|
|
a film buff
|
a person who is very interested in films and knows a lot about them
|
|
|
art-house
|
films which are made by small companies and are not usually seen by a wide audience
|
|
|
blockbuster
|
a very successful film financially
|
|
|
aesthetic
|
concerned with beauty and art and the understanding of beautiful things
زیبایی شناسی |
|
|
orphaned
|
made parentless through death
یتیم |
|
|
grief
|
a feeling of great sadness, especially when somebody dies
اندوه ,غم |
|
|
for posterity
|
for all the people who will live in the future
آیندگان |
|
|
A-levels
|
exams taken by 18 year-olds in England and Wales
|
|
|
resembled
|
seemed like
شباهت |
|
|
ridiculous
|
very silly
مضحک ,خنده دار |
|
|
elitist
|
for the interest of a small group of people who want to exclude others
نخبه گرا, تافته جدا بافته |
|
|
mocked
|
joked about
تمسخر |
|
|
rejection letter
|
letter which tells someone they are not wanted
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employ
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use
استخدام کردن ,بکار گرفتن |
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let somebody down
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disappoint someone
نا امید کردن ,محروم کردن |
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procedures
|
set of actions considered normal in a certain situation
روش ,روند |
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state schools
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schools funded by government rather than paid for directly by parents
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maize
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a tall plant grown for its large yellow grains of corn
ذرت ,بلال |
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domesticated
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changed into something suitable for human consumption
اهلی ,خانگی |
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assumed
|
believed to be true
مفروض |
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diet
|
the food and drink we eat regularly
رژیم غذایی |
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corn cobs
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the long hard parts of the maize plant that the yellow grains grow on
چوب ذرت |
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archaeological sites
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places where historical remains of buildings and objects have been found in the ground
مکانهای باستان شناسی |
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indicate
|
show it is likely
نشان دادن |
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pottery
|
pots and dishes made with clay that have been baked in the oven
سفالگری |
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lacked
|
had not enough of
فاقد |
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an age
|
a particular period of history
سده٬ دوران |
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stand-off
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a dispute that has reached a situation where no agreement can be reached
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eviction
|
forced removal of someone (from their land)
اخراج |
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lease
|
legal agreement (to pay to use a building or land)
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livelihoods
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work that earn people money to live on
معیشت ,امرار معاش |
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fertile environment
|
the necessary conditions for (corruption) to easily develop
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corruption
|
dishonest or illegal behaviour
فساد ,انحراف |
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privatise
|
sell state property to private owners
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constitution
|
the system of laws and basic principles that a state is governed by
قانون اساسی |
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reluctant
|
hesitating, not keen
بی میل ,مخالف |
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confrontations
|
face-to-face disagreements between two groups of people
برخورد ,رویارویی |
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landmark
|
well-known building or structure
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cracks
|
partial breaks
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subsidence
|
movement of earth
نشست ,فروکش |
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time is on (its) side
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it won't happen quickly
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tilt
|
lean to one side
کج شدن |
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autism
|
the mental condition in which a person is unable to communicate or form relationships with others
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behavioural problems
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issues relating to how someone functions in certain situations
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to spot
|
to identify
در نظر گرفتن |
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disorder
|
illness or condition
اختلال ,نابهنجاری |
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eye contact
|
looking directly into another's eyes
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brainwaves
|
electrical signals in the brain
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diagnose
|
work out
تشخیص دادن |
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conditions
|
illness or medical problem
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alleviate
|
make less severe
کم کردن ,ارام کردن |
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symptoms
|
signs that show you are not healthy
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reputations
|
someone's image, the opinions people have about them
سابقه ,شهرت |
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unflattering
|
less attractive than they really are; candid
بی پرده ,بی ریا ,صاف و ساده |
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investigated
|
examined
بررسی |
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privacy
|
a person's ability to keep some personal information secret
خلوت ,تنهایی |
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mysterious
|
strange
مرموز |
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blogs
|
online diaries
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capsized
|
turned over in water
واژگون |
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speculating
|
formulating opinions about something without knowing all the facts
حدس و گمان |
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etiquette
|
the formal rules of correct behaviour
اداب معاشرت |
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abandoned
|
left behind forever
متروک |
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heroic
|
showing extreme courage and admired by many people
قهرمانانه |
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custom
|
an accepted way of doing things
رسم ,سنت ,عرف |
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compels
|
forces someone to do something
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genes
|
the units in the cells of a living thing that determine its physical characteristics
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contradicts
|
says or does the opposite of something
تناقض داشتن با ,مخالف بودن با |
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mistress
|
a woman who a married man is having a regular sexual relationship with and who is not his wife
معشوقه |
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draughty
|
room prone to have unpleasant cold wind flowing through
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expand
|
increase
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reality TV
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show made for television starring ordinary people being observed in their ordinary roles
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low-rate loan
|
money borrowed cheaply
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successor
|
a person who follows another in a particular post
جانشین ,قائم مقام |
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entrepreneur
|
a person who starts a business
کارآفرین ,موسس شرکت |
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propaganda
|
dissemination of biased information
تبلیغات |
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masquerading
|
pretending to be something else
تغییر ظاهر |
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denies
|
says that something is not true
انکار کردن ,تکذیب کردن |
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electioneering
|
statement or act performed solely with the objective of attracting votes
انتخاباتی |
