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125 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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bone disease with normal Ca, PO4, and alkaline PO4
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osteoporosis
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bone disease with low Ca and PO4, and high alkaline PO4
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osteomalacia
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bone disease with extremely high alkaline PO4
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Pagets disease
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disorder of collagen synthesis
fractures blue, thin sclera |
osteogenesis imperfecta
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increased bone density
brittle bones facial distortion due to bone overgrowth |
osteopetrosis
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benign bone tumor
painful tibia or femur |
osteoid osteoma
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benign bone tumor
located on skull |
osteoma
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malignant bone tumor
codmans triangle |
osteosarcoma
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malignant bone tumor
onion skin appearance |
ewing sarcoma
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using hands to climb up own body in order to stand up
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gowers sign (muscular dystrophy)
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neural tube tumor
slow growing, M>F |
astrocytoma
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neural tube tumor
always fatal, M>F |
glioblastoma
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neural tube tumor
children, M>F |
medulloblastoma
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neural tube tumor
rare, M=F |
oligodendroblastoma
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neural crest tumor
whorling pattern (swirl) benign |
meningioma
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neural crest tumor
acoustic neurinoma |
schwannoma
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neural crest tumor
benign von-recklinghausen |
neurofibroma
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most common supratentorial tumor in children
compresses optic nerve |
craniopharyngioma
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lesions in which motor neurons cause spasticity and increased tendon reflexes
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upper
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lesions in which motor neurons cause paralysis, fasciculations, and absent tendon reflexes
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lower
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demyelinating disease that is like multiple sclerosis, but only affects the spinal cord and optic nerve
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Devic's
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demyelinating disease
accumulation of long chain cholesterols blindness, ataxia |
adrenoleukodystrophy
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demyelinating disease
oligoclonal bands |
multiple sclerosis
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mineral corticoids are produced by what part of the adrenals
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zona glomerulosa
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glucocorticoids are produced by what part of the adrenals
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zona fasciculata
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androgens are produced by what part of the adrenals
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zona reticularis
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most common cause of hyperparathyroidism
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adenoma
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most common cause of hypothyroidism
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thyroidectomy
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benign skin tumor
brownish/gray scaly and greasy |
seborrheic keratosis
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benign skin tumor
rapidly growing pink papula |
keratoacanthoma
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benign skin tumor
crusty red papule premalignant |
actinic keratosis
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malignant skin tumor
pearly grey papule |
basal cell carcinoma
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malignant skin tumor
erythematous scaly or oozing ulcer |
squamous cell carcinoma
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malignant skin tumor
irregular colors irregular borders |
melanoma
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pathology of cadmium poisoning
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honeycomb pneumonitis
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pathology of cobalt poisoning
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cardiomyopathy
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pathology of chromium poisoning
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lung cancer
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pathology of lead poisoning
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inhibits heme
renal tubular acidosis |
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pathology of mercury poisoning
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neurotoxic
proximal tubular necrosis |
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pathology of arsenic poisoning
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lung cancer
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pathology of aromatic amine poisoning
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bladder cancer
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pathology of benzene poisoning
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leukemia
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pathology of vinyl chloride poisoning
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liver angiosarcoma
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pathology of a-amanitin poisoning
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fulminant hepatitis
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pathology of CO poisoning
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carboxyhemoglobin formation
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pathology of cyanide poisoning
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loss of e- transport
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primary motion of the thoracic spine
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rotation
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ribs that move with a pump handle motion
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ribs 1-5
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ribs that move with a bucket-handle motion
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ribs 6-10
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ribs that move with a caliper motion
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ribs 11-12
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false ribs
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8-12 (ribs that are not directly connected to sternum)
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floating ribs
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11-12
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true ribs
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1-7
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atypical ribs
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1,2,11,and 12
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typical ribs
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3-10
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key rib in inhalation dysfunction
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lowest rib of group
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key rib in exhalation dysfunction
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highest rib in group
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diaphragm attachments
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ribs 6-12
L1-L3 xiphoid process |
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anatomic landmark of T2
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sternal notch
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anatomic landmark of T3
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spine of scapula
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anatomic landmark of T4
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sternal angle
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anatomic landmark of T7
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inferior angle of scapula
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three stages of HIV infection
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acute
asymptomatic AIDS |
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intrinsic clotting cascade
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XII
XI IX (VIII) X (V) II (thrombin) I (fibrinogen) fibrin (XIII) clot |
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extrinsic clotting cascade
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tissue factor
VII X (V) II (thrombin) I (fibrinogen) fibrin (XIII) clot |
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test for platelet function
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bleeding time
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test for extrinsic pathway
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prothombin time (PT)
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test for intrinsic pathway
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partial thromboblastin time (PTT)
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test for common pathway
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thrombin time
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three stages of HIV infection
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acute
asymptomatic AIDS |
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increased PTT and bleeding time
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vWF disease
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intrinsic clotting cascade
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XII
XI IX (VIII) X (V) II (thrombin) I (fibrinogen) fibrin (XIII) clot |
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extrinsic clotting cascade
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tissue factor
VII X (V) II (thrombin) I (fibrinogen) fibrin (XIII) clot |
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increased PTT
normal bleeding time |
hemophilia A or B
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test for platelet function
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bleeding time
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increasd PT
increased PTT normal bleeding time |
vitamin K deficiency
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test for extrinsic pathway
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prothombin time (PT)
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test for intrinsic pathway
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partial thromboblastin time (PTT)
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test for common pathway
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thrombin time
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increased PTT and bleeding time
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vWF disease
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increased PTT
normal bleeding time |
hemophilia A or B
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increased PT
increased PTT normal bleeding time |
vitamin K deficiency
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otherwise known as christmas disease
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hemophilia B
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vitamin K dependent clotting factors
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II, VII, IX, X
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primary source of vitamin K
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intestinal flora
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used to monitor coumadin levels
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PT (factor VII has shortest half life and therefore will change more quickly)
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Ab present in adult idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura
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anti-structural platelet Ab
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increased LDH (lactose dehydrogenase) indicates what
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ischemia
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DIC stems from the spontaneous activation of which pathway of clot formation
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factor cascade
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TTP stems from the spontaneous activation of which pathway of clot formation
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platelet clots
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drug class assx with G6PD deficiency
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sulfa drugs
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the most common enzymopathy
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G6PD deficiency
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mutation involved in sickle cell anemia
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B6 (E>V)
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disease that confers resistance to malarial infections
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sickle cell anemia
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globin chain that is necessary for life
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alpha
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normal constituents of hemoglobin
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2 alpha
2 beta |
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globin chain that is produced from 4 different alleles (2 paternal, 2 maternal)
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alpha
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hemoglobin that consists of 4 gamma chains
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barts hemoglobin
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homozygous B-thalassemia
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cooleys anemia (severe)
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preferred test for immune-mediated hemolysis (warm or cold antibody disease)
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direct coombs test
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test for isoimmunization in Rh(-) females
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indirect coombs test
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vitamin deficiency that causes megaloblastic anemia w/ neurologic sx
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vitamin B12
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three causes of microcytic anemia
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lead poisoning
iron deficiency thalassemia (LIT = little RBC) |
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long term iron deficiency anemia
esophageal webs |
plummer-vinson syndrome
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inability to remove O2 radicals from the blood
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fanconi anemia
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Heinz bodies
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G6PD deficiency
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howell jolly bodies
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asplenia (blue)
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basophilic stippling
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lead poisoning
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rheumatoid arthrits
anti-neutrophil antibodies |
feltys syndrome
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bacterial infection that causes lymphocytosis
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pertussis
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granulomas are made up of what cells
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macrophages and T cells
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chronic leukemia indicates that cells are what
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mature
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acute leukemia indicates that cells are what
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immature
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myelogenous leukemia indicates that cells are what
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anything other than lymphocytes
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lymphocytic leukemia indicates that cells are what
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lymphocytes
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most common malignancy of children
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ALL (acute lymphocytic leukemia)
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Auer rods
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AML (acute myelogenous leukemia)
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philadelphia chromosome (9:22 bcr-abl gene)
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CML (chronic myelogenous leukemia)
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LAP (lymphocyte alkaline phosphatase) tests for what
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lymphocyte functionality
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only lymphoma that causes a leukemia
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mycosis fungoides (causes sezary syndrome)
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another name for mycosis fungoides
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cutaneous T cell lymphoma
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(+) TRAP
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hairy cell leukemia
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hairy cell leukemia involves what type of cell
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B cells
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4 subtypes of hodgkins lymphoma (in order of decreasing favorable prognosis)
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lymphocyte predominance
nodular sclerosis mixed cellularity lymphocyte depletion |
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(+) reed-sternberg cell
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hodgkins lymphoma
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