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18 Cards in this Set

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  • Back
What is the dura mater continuous with in the eye?
Fibrous scleral coat of the eyeball
What is the subarachnoid space continuous with in the eye and what does this result in?
Subarachnoid space around the optic nerve

Increased ICP can be transmitted to the optic nerve and cause changes in the optic disc which can be visualized on fundus examination of the eye
What are the only cell bodies in the optic nerves of tracts?
Those of fibrous astrocytes and oligodendrocytes
What occurs in the optic chiasm? What does this mean for the contents of the optic nerve and the optic tract?
Axons coming from retinal ganglion cells located in the nasal half of each retina cross, and axons from the temporal retina do not.

Optic nerve - axons from one eye only
Optic tract - axons from parts of both eyes
What are the 4 major targets the optic tract projects to? What is the function of each?
LGN - relay to cortex for the conscious perception of vision
Superior colliculus - to generate eye movement
Pretectum - area of the midbrain involved in pupillary light reflex
Hypothalamus - involved in circadian rhyhms
Describe the structure of LGN and how it receives input.
Multi-layered nucleus

Parts of both retinas project to the LGN, but each layer receives input from only one eye. Each LGN processes information from the contralateral visual hemifield of vision.
How does the binocular field of vision relate to the LGN?
Parts of both retinas project to the LGN so that each point in the visual field is represented by a column through the six LGN layers.
What are the 2 categories of cellular layers in the LGN? What type of information do they process
Magnocellular (1 and 2) - movement
Parvocellular (3-6) - color and form
Describe the input into cellular layers of the LGN.
Layers 1, 4 and 6 receive input from the contralateral retina
Layers 2, 3 and 5 receive input from the ipsilateral retina
LGN: vessel supply?
Anterior choiroidal artery (from the ICA) and small branches of the posterior cerebral artery
What is the pathway out of the LGN?
Project to Area 17 via the geniculo-calcarine tract.
Axons coming out of the medial part of the LGN course dorsally over the lateral ventricle and then course in the internal capsule to enter the cuneus gyrus of the calcarine cortex.
Axons coming out of the lateral portion of the LGN course forward over the temporal horns of the lateral ventricle (Meyer's Loop of the geniculo-calcarine tract). Axons then enter the internal capsule and project to the lingual gyrus of the calcarine cortex.
Blood supply of the subdivisions of the geniculocalcarine tract?
Middle and posterior cerebral arteries
What happens after information hits area 17?
Projects to higher order visual areas
What - occipital and temporal lobe extrastriate visual areas
Where - occipital and parietal lobe extrastriate areas
What is the general role of the superior colliculus?
Orienting to moving stimuli and in directing gaze
Relaying information to the cortex
Superior colliculus: pathway of relaying information to the cortex?
Retina - superior colliculus - pulvinar (in the thalamus) - extrastriate visual cortex
What is progressive encephalization?
As the non-linear phylogenetic tree is ascended, processing of the visual image takes place at higher centers of the brain.
How does bilateral destruction of the occipital lobes effect eyesight?
Does result in blindness, but the patient may deny they are blind
What can occur after bilateral damage to a higher order visual area in the temporal lobe?
Prosopagnosia - inability to match a face with an identity