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8 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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4 types of drugs to achieve general anesthesia
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1. Short acting IV drug to induce unconsciousness
2. Narcotic to decrease pain/nociceptive pathways 3. Muscle relaxant 4. Inhaled anesthetic to "maintain" the state |
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Definition of general anesthesia: 6 characteristics
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1. decreased response to surgical stimulation
2. skeletal muscle relaxation 3. hypnosis/sleep 4. amnesia 5. immobility 6. Decreased reception from all sensory modalities |
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Characteristics of Nitrous Oxide
-Smell -Solubility -Potency -Analgesia -Muscle relaxation -Toxicities -Usage |
-odorless to sweet smell
-low solubility -low potency -good analgesic -poor MR -Megaloblastemia, peripheral neuropathy, expansion of closed air spaces. Risk of POCD in elderly -Used for rapid on/off; no BP effects, and to decrease dose of another anesthetics |
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Halothane
-Smell -Solubility -Potency -Analgesia -Muscle relaxation -Toxicities -Usage |
-Sweet smell
-very high solubility -high potency -poor analgesic -poor MR -Hepatotoxic -Rarely used |
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Isoflurane
-Smell -Solubility -Potency -Analgesia -Muscle relaxation -Toxicities -Usage |
-Pungent odor
-medium solubility -potent -good analgesic -good MR -tachycardia; weakly neurotoxic (POCD) -most widely used halogenated inhaled anesthetic |
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Desflurane
-Smell -Solubility -Potency -Analgesia -Muscle relaxation -Toxicities -Usage |
- Very pungent smell
- low solubility - less potent than isoflurane - tachycardia - expensive. used for short same day surgeries |
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Sevoflurane
-Smell -Solubility -Potency -Analgesia -Muscle relaxation -Toxicities -Usage |
NEW: best characterisitics of desflurane and halothane.
-less pungent -low solubility -less neurotoxic -drug of choice for children |
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Definition of MAC
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-midpoint of concentration to achieve a defined response to a defined stimulus -->stimulus dependent
-Remarkably consistent across the population -MAC is very low for the halogenated hydrocarbon anesthetics in comparison to NO |
