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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What are 4 types of glia (support cells)?
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1. oligodendrocyte
2. astrocyte 3. ependyma 4. microglia |
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What are 2 normal neuronal inclusions?
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1. neuromelanin (byproduct of catecholamine synthesis)
2. lipofuscin (in aging) |
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What is an example of a degenerative neuronal inclusion?
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Lewy bodies in substantia nigra(round, glassy)
occur in Parkinson's |
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What is an example of a viral neuronal inclusion?
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Cowdry type A viral inclusions
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What is central chromatolysis?
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Response of a nerve cell body to transection of its axon.
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What are the 3 things that occur in central chromatolysis?
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1. swollen cell body
2. displaced nucleus 3. dispersed Nissl substance |
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What are the 2 reactions of the axon to axonal transection?
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1. Wallerian degeneration
2. axonal retraction balls |
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What is the axonal reaction to degeneration?
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axonal spheroids
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What is an axonal retraction ball?
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Damming up of organelles conveyed by axonal transport to proximal stump of axonal transection site
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What is the role of the oligodendrocyte?
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The generation and maintenance of myelin
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What are 4 possible reactions of the oligodendrocyte?
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1. primary demyelination
2. remyelination 3. hypomelinatin 4. partial demyelination |
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What is primary demyelination?
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Axon is intact, macrophage removes myelin.
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What are the characteristics of remyelination?
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- in the CNS
- thin myelin - short internodal distance |
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What is a disease where remyelination can be present?
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MS
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What are the characteristics of hypomyelination?
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- in the entire NS
- thin myelin - short internodal distance - inherited |
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What are characteristics of partial myelination?
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- thin myelin (varying thickness)
- normal internodal distance |
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What are some roles of astrocytes?
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- scar cell in CNS
- support and structure - glycolysis for energy - glutamate, GABA uptake - pH regulation - osmolarity regulation |
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What are 2 types of astrocytes?
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1. protoplasmic (grey matter)
2. fibrous (white matter) |
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What are 3 reactions of astrocytes?
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1. swelling
2. inclusions 3. gliosis |
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What are the changes associated with gliosis?
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Early: hyperplasia, hypertrophy
Late: fibrillarygliosis |
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What are Rosenthal fibers?
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Astrocyte inclusions
(linear/corkscrew, hyaline) present in longstanding gliosis |
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What are Corpora Amylacea?
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Astrocyte inclusions
(round inclusions of glycoprotein) not necessarily pathological |
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What is the ependyma?
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Cells surrounding the ventricles.
There is no BM, so they make a fibrillary net. |
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What happens in ependymal injury/loss?
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Non-specific reaction of subventricular astrocytes forms a:
Subventricular Glial Nodule/ Granular Ependymitis |
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What CNS cells are originally derived from bone marrow?
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Microglia
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What is the function of microglia?
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- phagocytic function
- antigen presentation |
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What is the microglial reaction to CNS injury without parenchymal damage?
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Activated microglia
(maintain morphology, secrete cytokines, express markers like class II MHC) |
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What is the microglial reaction to CNS injury with parenchymal damage?
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Macrophages
(morphology changes to macrophage, secrete cytotoxic substances like NO, express markers like class II MHC) |