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58 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
map
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a two-dimensional or flat-scale model of Earth's surface, or a portion of it
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cartography
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science of mapmaking
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scale
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the relation of a feature's size on a map and its actual size on Earth's surface
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geographic information system (GIS)
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a high-performance computer system that processes geographic data
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Global Positioning System (GPS)
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pinpoints location using signals from a group of satellites
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toponym
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the name given to a portion of Earth's surface
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site
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physical character of a place
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meridian
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an arc drawn between the North and South poles
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parallel
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a circle drawn around the globe parallel to the equator
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longitude
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a numbering system that shows the location of each meridian
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prime meridian
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0 degrees longitude, passes through the Royal Observatory at Greenwich, England
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latitude
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numbering system that indicates the location of parallels
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Greenwich Mean Time (GMT)/Universal Time (UT)
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the time at the meridian designated in 1884
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International Date Line
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follows 180 degrees longitude
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region
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an area of Earth defined by one or more distinctive characteristics
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cultural landscape
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a combination of cultural features such as language and religion, economic features such as agriculture and industry, and physical features such as climate and vegetation
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regional studies
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cultural landscape approach
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vernacular region
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perceptual region
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culture
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the body of customary beliefs, material traits, and social forms that together constitute the distinct tradition of a group of people
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environmental determinism
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determining what issues were scientifically caused
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possibilism
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arguing that the physical environment may limit some human actions, but people can adjust to their environment
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resources
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available sources of aid or wealth
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transnational corporations
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multinational corporations; leads globalization
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arithmetic density
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the total number of objects in an area
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physiological density
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the number of persons per unit of area suitable for agriculture
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agricultural density
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the number of farmers per unit of area
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housing density
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the number of dwelling units per unit of area
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expansion diffusion
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the spread of a feature from one place to another in a snowballing process
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hierarchical diffusion
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the spread of an idea from persons or nodes of authority or power to other persons or places
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contagious diffusion
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the rapid, widespread diffusion of a characteristic throughout the population
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stimulus diffusion
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the spread of an underlying principle, even though a characteristic itself apparently fails to diffuse
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uneven development
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the increasing gap in economic conditions
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concentration
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the extent of a feature's spread over space
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connections
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one of the five aspects concentrated on it thinking about the world
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cultural ecology
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the geographic study of human-environment relations
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density
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the frequency with which something occurs in space
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diffusion
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the process by which a characteristic spreads across space from one place to another over time
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distance decay
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the farther away one group is from another, the less likely the two groups are to interact
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distribution
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the frequency of occurrence or the natural geographic range or place where any item or category of items occurs
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formal region
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an area within which everyone shares in common one or more distinctive characteristics
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functional region
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an area organized around a node or focal point
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globalization
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a force or process that involves the entire world and results in making something worldwide in scope
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hearth
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the place from which an innovation originates
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Land Ordinance of 1785
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divided much of the U.S. into a system of townships and ranges to facilitate the sale of land to settlers in the West
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location
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a determination of the place where something is
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mental map
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perceptual map in a person's mind; using vernacular regions
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pattern
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a model or original design
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place
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one of the five aspects concentrated on in thinking about the world
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polder
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an area of low-lying land that has been reclaimed from a body of water and is protected by dikes
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principal meridian
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the north-south line that runs through the initial point, otherwise known as a true meridian
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projection
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a system of intersecting lines, such as the grid of a map, on which part or all of the globe or another spherical surface is represented as a plane surface
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relocation diffusion
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the spread of an idea through physical movement of people
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remote sensing
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the acquisition of data about Earth's surface from a satellite orbiting Earth or from other long-distance methods
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section
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divides a township
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situation
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manner in which an object is placed; location
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space
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the unlimited expanse in which everything is located
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space-time compression
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the reduction in the time it takes for something to reach another place
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township
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a square six miles on each side
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