Basis Grade 5 Ground Water Notes 10/21/15

Front 1

It is _____, not ___ that seeps down into the soil and does not run off into streams.

Back 1

precipitation

runoff

Front 2

As the water seeps into the ground it fills ____ (air-filled openings between rock particles).

Back 2

pores

Front 3

This underground water that fills almost all the pores in rocks and sediment is called ______.

Back 3

groundwater

Front 4

Approximately __% of the Earth's liquid freshwater supply is stored beneath the surface as groundwater.

Back 4

90%

Front 5

A body of rock in which large amounts of water can flow and much water can be stored is called an ____.

Back 5

aquifer

Front 6

A rock that can hold a lot of water will only be an efficient aquifer if the ____ spaces are ____.

Back 6

pore

connected

Front 7

The amount of water a rock can hold is determined by the ____.

Back 7

porosity

Front 8

Porosity is the percentage of ___ ____ in a given amount of rock or sediment.

Back 8

open spaces

Front 9

How tightly ____ the sediments are also affects porosity.

Back 9

packed

Front 10

The more ___ packed the sediments, the less pore space will be available.

Back 10

tightly

Front 11

The _____ of a rock of sediment indicates how freely water passes through pores.

Back 11

permeability

Front 12

For a rock to be permeable, the pores must be _____.

Back 12

connected

Front 13

A rock can have a high porosity, but if the pores are not connected, the rock is not _____.

Back 13

permeable

Front 14

Rocks that water cannot flow through are called ____ ___.

Back 14

impermeable rock

Front 15

_____ pulls water down through the soil and rock until it reaches a layer of ____ rock.

Back 15

Gravity

impermeable

Front 16

As more water soaks into the ground, the level rises creating a zone of _____ (a layer where all the pores are filled with water).

Back 16

saturation

Front 17

The zone that lies between the water table and the surface is called the zone of ______.

Back 17

aeration

Front 18

The line separating the zone of saturation and the zone of aeration is called the ___ ____.

Back 18

water table

Front 19

Movement of groundwater depends on the permeability of the aquifer and the _____ of the water table.

Back 19

gradient

Front 20

The more ______ the rock, the faster the groundwater will flow through it.

Back 20

permeable

Front 21

The _____ the gradient, the faster the groundwater will flow through it.

Back 21

steeper

Front 22

The depth of the groundwater varies depending on the _____ of the land, permeability of the rock and the amount of _____.

Back 22

elevation

rainfall

Front 23

During periods of increased rainfall, the water table ____.

Back 23

rises

Front 24

During _____, the water table lowers and flattens.

Back 24

droughts

Front 25

If the water table is higher than the elevation of the land, it will for a river or ___. This is called ____ water.

Back 25

lake

surface

Front 26

The area where precipitation first enters the soil and infiltration occurs is called the _______ ___.

Back 26

recharge zone

Front 27

Under most surfaces there is usually only one _____.

Back 27

aquifer

Front 28

In some areas, an impermeable layer lies near the surface above the main aquifer. This rock layer prevents the water from seeping into the main aquifer. This layer is called a _____.

Back 28

aquiclude

Front 29

Water collects on top of the aquiclude creating a second zone of saturation above the main aquifer known as a _____ water table.

Back 29

perched

Front 30

Back 30

Front 31

A watershed is an area of land that drains to a ____ location.

Back 31

common

Front 32

A watershed can vary in size, they can represent the are draining to a small ____ or to the entire ocean.

Back 32

stream

Front 33

The ______ that falls into a watershed flows downward usually creating a stream or river.

Back 33

precipitation

Front 34

The area of land that contributes water to a stream or river is called a _____, or ____ _____.

Back 34

watershed

drainage basin

Front 35

Small drainage basins generally contribute to _____, while that water from larger drainage basins come together to form large ___.

Back 35

streams

rivers

Front 36

The watershed area for the ______ River covers a large portion of the central part of the US.

Back 36

Mississippi

Front 37

The area between two drainage basins is known as a drainage _____.

Back 37

divide

Front 38

In North America a massive drainage divide known as the _____ Divide separates the water that flows towards the ____ Ocean with water that drains toward the Gulf of ______, and towards the _____ Ocean.

Back 38

Great

Pacific

Mexico

Atlantic

Front 39

The _____ Continental Divide runs along the high ridges and peaks of the ______ Mountains, and it separates land draining east to the ______ Ocean from that draining west and southwest to the Mississippi River, and the Gulf of Mexico.

Back 39

Eastern

Appalachian

Atlantic

Front 40

Eventually the water forms _____ which are small channels of water running across the surface of the landscape.

Back 40

rills

Front 41

The creation of rills happens much more quickly in areas where there is little ____.

Back 41

vegetation

Front 42

____ ____ help to hold dirt and rocks in place, slowing the formation of rills.

Back 42

Plant roots

Front 43

Eventually, many rills come together, forming larger _____.

Back 43

guillies

Front 44

There can get quite large, and help to feed large amounts of water into ____ and ____.

Back 44

streams

rivers

Front 45

As water enters the floor of a _____, it typically is dumped into a river or stream.

Back 45

valley

Front 46

Rivers and streams are moving bodies of _____ water that have a tremendous amount of ____.

Back 46

draining

force

Front 47

Because of their strength, streams and rivers can cause a great amount of ______.

Back 47

erosion

Front 48

_____ _____ form alongside shallow meandering rivers.

Back 48

Flood plains

Front 49

As the rivers move back and forth across the landscape they form an area around the river where elevation of the land is ____ than other areas.

Back 49

lower

Front 50

This lower land around the river is known as a ________.

Back 50

floodplain

Front 51

During times of ____ precipitation, water leaves the banks of the river, but remains confined to the floodplain.

Back 51

excess