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72 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
requires a carrier such as an enzyme or protein to move drugs against a concentration gradient?
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active absorption
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drugs that produce a response are?
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agonists
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drugs that block a response are?
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antagonists
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occurs mostly by diffusion?
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passive absorption
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this is the percentage of drug that reaches the systemic circulation?
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bioavailability
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drugs are attached to albumins in varying degrees. drugs bound to protein are inactive. drugs not bound are active. this is called ?
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plasma binding proteins
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most accurate test to determine renal function? lower levels are expected in the elderly.
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creatine clearence
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the time it takes a medication to reach the minimum effective concentration after administered
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onset of action
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this is the dissolving of the smaller particles in the gi fluid before absorption?
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dissolution
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the time it takes the drug to disintegrate and dissolve to become available for the body to absorb it?
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rate limiting
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fillers and inert substances found in drugs?
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excipients
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the process in which the drug passes through the liver first is?
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the first past effect/ hepatic first pass
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are active and can cause a pharmacologic response? not bound to protein.
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free drugs
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this has a narrow margin of safety AND has a narrow range between ED and LD/ plasma drug levels need to be monitored.
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low therapeutic index
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this has a wide margin of safety and less danger of producing toxic effects?
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high therapeutic index
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the site on the receptor in which drugs bind
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ligand-binding domain
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name 4 receptor families
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kinase-linked
ligand-gated g protein-coupled receptor system nuclear receptors |
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ligand binding is on the cell surface.
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kinase-linked receptors
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the drug spans the cell membrane and opens the cell channels?
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ligand-gated ion channels
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binding occurs on the cell nucleus and not the surface of the cell?
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nuclear receptors
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used for immediate drug response?
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loading dose
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drugs that affect various sites are called?
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nonspecific drugs
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drugs that affect various receptors are called?
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nonselective drugs
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this the highest concentration of drug at a specific time?
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peak drug level
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this is the lowest plasma concentration of drug, and it measures the rate at which the drug is eliminated?
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trough drug levels
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the site on the receptor in which drugs bind
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ligand-binding domain
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name 4 receptor families
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kinase-linked
ligand-gated g protein-coupled receptor system nuclear receptors |
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ligand binding is on the cell surface.
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kinase-linked receptors
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the drug spans the cell membrane and opens the cell channels?
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ligand-gated ion channels
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binding occurs on the cell nucleus and not the surface of the cell?
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nuclear receptors
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used for immediate drug response?
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loading dose
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drugs that affect various sites are called?
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nonspecific drugs
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drugs that affect various receptors are called?
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nonselective drugs
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this the highest concentration of drug at a specific time?
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peak drug level
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this is the lowest plasma concentration of drug, and it measures the rate at which the drug is eliminated?
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trough drug levels
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this is the first phase of drug action and is in the GI tract?
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pharmaceutical phase
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this is the process of drug movement to achieve drug action? 4 phases are absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion, this is called?
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pharmacokinetic phase
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this is the study of drug concentration and its effects on the body?
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pharmacodynamic phase
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this is the effect of a drug action that varies from a predicted drug response because of genetic factors?
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pharmacogenetics
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process by which cells cary a drug across their membrane by engulfing the drug particles?
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pinocytosis
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this refers to the rapid decrease in response to a drug?
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tachyphylaxis
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this estimates the margin of safety of a drug through the use of a ratio.
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therapeutic index
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the drug concentration in plasma should be between the minimum effective concentration in the plasma for obtaining desired drug action w/out the toxic effect.
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therapeutic range
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this evaluates 3 parameters of drug action. onset of drug action/ peak action/ duration of action
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time response curve
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what are the 4 routes?
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intradermal,subcutaneous,intramuscular,and intravenous.
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this is the first phase of drug action and is in the GI tract?
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pharmaceutical phase
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this is the process of drug movement to achieve drug action? 4 phases are absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion, this is called?
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pharmacokinetic phase
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this is the study of drug concentration and its effects on the body?
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pharmacodynamic phase
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this is the effect of a drug action that varies from a predicted drug response because of genetic factors?
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pharmacogenetics
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process by which cells cary a drug across their membrane by engulfing the drug particles?
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pinocytosis
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this refers to the rapid decrease in response to a drug?
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tachyphylaxis
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this estimates the margin of safety of a drug through the use of a ratio.
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therapeutic index
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the drug concentration in plasma should be between the minimum effective concentration in the plasma for obtaining desired drug action w/out the toxic effect.
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therapeutic range
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this evaluates 3 parameters of drug action. onset of drug action/ peak action/ duration of action
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time response curve
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what are the 4 routes?
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intradermal,subcutaneous,intramuscular,and intravenous.
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in this method drugs are dispensed from the same container?
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stock drug method
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in this method drugs are individually wrapped and labeled for single dose?
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unit dose method
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in this method drugs are dispensed from the same container?
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stock drug method
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in this method drugs are individually wrapped and labeled for single dose?
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unit dose method
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when 2 drugs with similar actions are administered the sum of the effects is called?
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additive effect
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is a chemical or physical reaction that occurs among two or more drugs within a syringe, iv bag, or any other environment outside the body is?
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drug incompatibility
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when 2 drugs are given together, each drug cancels the effect of the other is called?
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antagonistic effect
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when the clinical effects of two medications are greater than by themselves. this is called an?
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synergistic effect
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an important type of craving that occurs in the presence of people, places, or things they have associated with drug taking?
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cue-induced craving
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a brain system that creates the sensation of pleasure for behaviors necessary for survival such as eating and sex is called?
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brain reward system
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term used by health professionals to indicate impaired performance as a result of drug use is called?
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chemical impairment
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an inflammatory , hemorrhagic, degenerative condition of the brain resulting from a deficiency of thiamine is called?
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wernicke's encephalopathy
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a form of amnesia characterized by loss of short-term memory and an inability to learn is called?
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korsakoff's psychosis
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this occurs when an additional cns depressant is taken with alcohol, increasing the effect is called?
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potentiation
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may be defined as the study of the time course of drug absorption, distribution metabolism, and excretion of a drug is called?
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pharmacokinetics
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refers to the mechanisms of action and effect of a drug on the body and includes the onset, peak, and duration of effect of a med is called?
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pharmacodynamics
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refers to how a drug interacts at the receptor site or at the target organ?
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pharmacodynamics
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