Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
79 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
To use products and electricity effectively and safely all cosmetology professionals need to have:
|
a basic knowledge of their tools & how they are maintained.
|
|
|
What is electricity
|
a form of energy, when in motion exhibits magnetic, chemical, or thermal effects.
|
|
|
A flow of electrons, negatively charged particles that swirl around atoms
|
Electricity
|
|
|
electric current
|
the flow of electricity along a conductor.
|
|
|
conductor
|
any substance that transmits electricity.
ex. most metals, cooper, water |
|
|
insulator or nonconductor
|
a substance that does not easily transmit electricity.
ex. rubber, silk, cement, glass, wood |
|
|
complete circuit
|
the path of an electric current from the generationg source through conductors & back to its original source
|
|
|
Types of Electric current
|
Direct current (DC)
Alternating current (AC) |
|
|
DIrect current (DC)
|
a constant, even flowing current that travels in 1 direction only.
ex. flashlights, cell phones, cordless electric drills |
|
|
converter
|
an apparatus that changes direct current to alternating current.
|
|
|
To use products and electricity effectively and safely all cosmetology professionals need to have:
|
a basic knowledge of their tools & how they are maintained.
|
|
|
What is electricity
|
a form of energy, when in motion exhibits magnetic, chemical, or thermal effects.
|
|
|
A flow of electrons, negatively charged particles that swirl around atoms
|
Electricity
|
|
|
electric current
|
the flow of electricity along a conductor.
|
|
|
conductor
|
any substance that transmits electricity.
ex. most metals, cooper, water |
|
|
insulator or nonconductor
|
a substance that does not easily transmit electricity.
ex. rubber, silk, cement, glass, wood |
|
|
complete circuit
|
the path of an electric current from the generationg source through conductors & back to its original source
|
|
|
Types of Electric current
|
Direct current (DC)
Alternating current (AC) |
|
|
DIrect current (DC)
|
a constant, even flowing current that travels in 1 direction only.
ex. flashlights, cell phones, cordless electric drills |
|
|
converter
|
an apparatus that changes direct current to alternating current.
|
|
|
Alternating current (AC)
|
a rapid & interrupted current, flowing first in direction then in the opposite direction.
ex. hair dryers & curling irons that plug into a wall outlet. |
|
|
Rectifier
|
an apparatus that changes alternating current to direct current.
ex. cordless electric clippers & battery chargers |
|
|
Volt (V) or voltage
|
measure the pressure or force that pushes the flow of electrons froward through a conductor.
|
|
|
Amp (A) or ampere
|
measure the amount of an electric current (number of electrons flowing through the conductor)
|
|
|
Milliampere
|
one-thousandth of an ampere
facial & scalp treaments are mearsured by milliampere. |
|
|
ohm (O)
|
measure the resistance of an electric current.
|
|
|
watt (W)
|
measures how much electricity is being used in 1 second.
ex. 40w light bulbs use 40 watts of energy per second |
|
|
kilowatt (K)
|
is 1,000 watts
ex. electricity in a house is measured in kilowatts |
|
|
fuse
|
a special device that prevents excessive current from passing through a circuit.
blow out or melt from am overload of electric heat |
|
|
circuit breaker
|
a switch that automatically interrrupts or shuts off an electric circuit at the 1st indication of overload.
|
|
|
Underwriter's Laboratory (UL) certifies
|
the safety of electrical appliances
ex. curling irons, hair dryers, clippers |
|
|
CAUTION!!!!
Never tamper w/ |
wiring or plugs to get them to fit into a receptacle it doesn't fit.
|
|
|
Electrotherapy are referred as
|
electronic facial treatments
|
|
|
wall plate (facial stimulator)
|
an instrument that plugs into a wall outlet & produces different types of electric currents that are used in facial & scalp treatments.
|
|
|
modalities
|
different currents used in facial & scalp treatments
each modality produces a different effect on the skin. |
|
|
electrode
|
an applicator used for directing the electric current from the machine to the skin.
usually made of glass or metal |
|
|
polarity
|
indicates the negative or positive pole of an electric current.
|
|
|
anode "P" or (+) sign
|
the positive electrode
|
|
|
cathode "N" or (-) sign
|
the negative electrode
|
|
|
the 2 main modalities used in cosmetology are
|
galvanic & Tesla high-frequency
|
|
|
galvanic current
|
a constant & direct current (DC), has a positive & negative pole
produces chemical change when it passes through the tissues & fluids of the body |
|
|
active electrode
|
used on thearea treated
|
|
|
inactive electrode
|
opposite pole from the active electrode
effects of the positive pole are the exact opposite of those produced by the negative pole. |
|
|
Iontophoresis
|
the process of introducing water-soluble products into the skin w/the used of electric current
positive and negative pole of a galvanic machine |
|
|
cataphoresis
|
forces acidic subtances into deeper tissues using galvanic current from the postive toward the negative pole
|
|
|
anaphoresis
|
process of forcing liquids into the tissues from the negative toward the positive pole.
|
|
|
desincrustation
|
used to soften and emulsify grease deposits (oil) & blackheads in the hair follicles.
used to treat: acne, milia (small, white cyst-like pimples) and comedones (blackheads & whiteheads) |
|
|
Telsa high-frequency current aka
the vioet ray |
a thermal or heat-producing current w/a high rate of oscillation or vibration
used for scalp & facial treatments |
|
|
this does not produce muscle contraction, & its effects can be either stimulating or soothing, depending on the method of application.
|
tesla high-frequency
only 1 electrode used during service |
|
|
what are some benefits from the use of tesla high-frequency curent
|
> stimulates blood cirulation
> improves glandular activity > increases elimintation and absorption >increased metabolism >improves germicidal action >relieves congestion |
|
|
shorten chemical processing time
|
conventional hood dryers or heat lamps
|
|
|
they have built-in heating elements and plug directly into a wall outlet.
|
electric curling irons
|
|
|
will process twice as fast as it would at normal room temperature
|
haircolor process machines
|
|
|
streamer or vaporizer produces
|
moist, uniform heat that can be applied to the face or head
cleanse the skin by increasing the flow of oil & sweat maybe used in hair & scalp treatments add essential oils to enhance gerenal well-being |
|
|
electromagnetic radiation aka radiant energy
|
visible light, we can see
|
|
|
radiant energy
|
carries or radiates, energy through space on waves
|
|
|
wavelength
|
the distance between to successive peaks
|
|
|
long wavelengths
|
how low frequency (fewer waves)
|
|
|
shorter wavelengthg
|
higher frequency (more waves)
|
|
|
Caution!!!
Vibrators should never be used when there is: |
heart disease, fever abscesses or inflammation present
|
|
|
Caution!!!
to avoid damage to the eyes |
both the cosmetologist & clt should wear protective goggles when working w/ ultraviolet rays
|
|
|
Caution!!!
clt's eyes should always be protected during any light therapy treatment by: |
using cotton pads saturated w/ boric acid solution, witch hazel, or distilled water.
|
|
|
eletromagnetic spectrum is
|
the entire range of wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation (radiant energy)
|
|
|
visible light
|
part of the electromagnetic spectrum we can see
|
|
|
visible light makes up
|
35% of natural light
|
|
|
ultraviolet rays & infrared rays
|
are also froms of electromagnetic radiation but their wavelengths are invisible because its beyond the visible spectrum of light
|
|
|
invisible rays make up
|
65% of natural light
|
|
|
violet rays
|
have shorter wavelengths
|
|
|
red rays
|
have longer wavelengths
|
|
|
infrared rays make up
|
60% of natural light
have longer wavelengths penetrate deeper produce more heat than visible light |
|
|
infrared lamps are used
|
during hair treatment & to prcess haircolor
|
|
|
infrared lamps sholud be used at a distances of
|
30inches from the skin
for exposure time of about 5minutes check the clt frequently |
|
|
visible light rays
|
are the primary soruce of light used in facial & scalp treatments
therapeutic visible light therapy bulbs used are: white, red & blue |
|
|
white light aka combination light
|
its a combination of all visible rays of the spectrum and has the benefits of all rays of the visible spectrum
|
|
|
blue light
|
>should only be used on bare oily skin,
>contains few heat rays >is least penetrating >has some germicidal & chemical benefits |
|
|
red light
|
>used on dry skin in combination w/oils and creams
>penetrates the deepest >produces the most heat |
|
|
ultraviolet (UV) rays aka cold rays or
actinic rays |
>5% of natural light
>shorter waveslength >penetrate less >produces less heat than visible light >produce chemical effects & kill germs >promotes skin to produce vitaminD fat-soluble vitamin promotes mineralization of bones Overexposure can cause >premature aging of skin >skin cancer >burns & blistering |
|
|
UV application
|
done w/ utmost care
>applied w/ lamp 30-36inches from skin >2-3minutes gradual increasing to 7-8minutes |
|
|
catalysts
|
used to make reactions happen more quickly
|
