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17 Cards in this Set
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- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Plant tissue culture |
The growth or regeneration of plant cells, tissues, organ or whole plants in artificial medium under aseptic condition |
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Totipotency |
The ability of a cell to differentiate and develop into a whole plant when given the correct condition. Every cell has genetic potential of the parent plant |
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Explant |
Living tissue transferred from a plant to an artificial medium for culture |
Any portion of shoot leaves,roots, flower or cell of plant |
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In vitro culture |
Performing an experiment in a test tube |
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Tissue culture |
Process of growing cells artificially in the lab *undifferentiated plant cell *plant callus *plant tissue |
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Micropropagation |
Production of whole plant from small section of a plant , called an explant |
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Reason plant tissue culture |
1. Create exact copies of plants that produces particularly good flowers or fruits 2. Quickly produce mature plant 3.produce multiple of plant in absence of seed or necessary pollination to produce seeds. 4 used to regenerate the whole plant from plant cells that have been genetically modified |
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What is needed for subculture |
1. Appropriate tissue 2. Suitable growth medium -contain energy source and inorganic salt to supply cell growth need. 3. Aseptic condition 4. Growth regulator - plant = auxins and cytokins -animals= provided in serum from cell type of interest 5.frequent subculturing -ensure adequate nutrition and to avoid the build up of waste conditions |
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Aseptic technique |
Exclusion of invading microorganisms during experimental procedures -sterile instrument - media sterile by autoclave -performed in laminar flow chamber -use sterilant = ethyl alcohol and chlorox with an added surfactants |
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Subculture |
Due to nutrient depletion and medium drying |
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Culturing plant tissue (micropropagating) |
1. Selection of plant tissue 2. Sterilization 3. Establishments of the explant -establishment in culture medium to encourage cell division. Each species has particular medium requirement that must be established by trial and error 4. Multiplication -explant give rise to callus which manipulated by varying sugar conc. And auxin(low): cytokinin(high) to form multiple shoots. Callus may subdivided a number of time 5. Root formation -shoit transferred to a growth medium higher auxin:cytokinin ratio |
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Benefit of plant tissue culture |
*plant prone to virus diseases, virus free explant can be cultivates to provide virus free plants *tissue bank can be frozen,regenerated through tissue culture *easy to export, take up little space *fast selection for crop improvement-explant chosen from sulerior plants, then cloned |
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Type of tissue culture |
1.organized structure -culture of whole or parts of a plant . the cgaracteristic n organizational structure if a plant is maintained. -axillary bud - terminal bud -seed culture -embryo culture -ovary culture -pollem cture 2. Unorganized tissue culture -callus culture -cell suapension culture -organogenesis -somatic embryogenesis -protoplast culture |
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Techbique tissue culture |
1.micrografting 2. Vitro pollination, vitro -used by plant breeder to create a new varities |
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Advantages |
*mass productikn of various plant cultivars *beneficial -plant in high demand Plant aere slow or difficult to propagate -endangered species *productikn of pathogen free plant *germplasm preservation *continous year round production *odiginal plant is not destrroyed in the pricess |
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Disadvantage |
*Specialized equipments required *high labor cost *contamination risk *risk of mutation arising *responses to tissue culture condition varies |
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Factor affecting tissue cultyre |
1.*mass production *breeding if new varieties *virus-free plants 2.In vitro, development of plant determined by a number of factors * genetic make up of the plant *source of explant *nutrient *environment factor- light,temperature, ph,o2, co2, conc. 3.genetic make up of plant - desicive factor at every stages in the plant 4.source of explant 5.growth nedium 6.environmental factors |
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