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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is microbiology?
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Study of all microorganisms, living structures that can be seen only with powerful magnification of a microscope.
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M.A.'s role?
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obtain specimens, test specimens w/in CLIA (Clinical Laboratory Improvement Act) waived catagories & prepare slides & cultures for microscopic exam by provider in POL or for transport to outside lab.
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What is a sensitivity test?
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It identifies which antibiotic(s) are effective at killing microorganisms that are causing infection.
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Normal flora?
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Good natural bacteria w/in body's immune system.
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What is a pathogen?
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It is the cause of disease.
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What is holding media?
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It keeps specimen on a swab moist until it is cultured.
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Types of classifications?
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Taxonomy: classification of living organisms.
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What are 3 living organism kingdoms?
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Plant, animal and Protista (one cell organisms, known as protists.)
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What are the 2 microorganism groups of importance to microbiology?
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Lower protists or Prokaryotes (including blue-green algae & bacteria), and higher protists or eukaryotes (including protozoa, algae & fungi).
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Genus?
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First name of bacteria that is Greek or Latin names that are capitalized.
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Species?
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The second name that is not capitalized for naming bacteria.
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3 types procedures of routine bacteriologic cultures done in microbiology depts. commonly performed, are?
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Parasitology, virology (viruses), and mycology (fungi).
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Immunosuppressed?
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Patients with low to no immunity to certain infectious organisms.
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Nosocomial infections?
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Commonly acquired in hospitals or similar facilities.
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RNA?
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Ribonucleic Acid
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Spores?
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Encapsulated bacteria in protein--protected from antibiotic penetration & WBC attack.
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EQUIPMENT: Autoclave, Microscope, Safety Hood, Incubator, Inoculating, Incinerator, Media, Refrigerator
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Autoclave-sterilizes @ 121 degrees C for 15-20 min.
Microscope: viewing microorganisms Safety Hood: used for culturing specimens w/aerosols (which are dangerous to inhale otherwise). Incubator: constant temp of 35-37 degree C cabinet where aerobic (grow in oxygen) or anaerobic (do not grow well or at all in oxygen) Inoculating: loop used to inoculate organisms culture medium in plate or broth--stab culture-a.k.a. "deep" inoculation needles--used for biochemical tests used for IDing. Incinerator: quick method of sterilization the inoculating loop or needle. Media: nutrients for grow bacteria faster Refrigerator: storage of certain materials-media and testing kits that need to be in 2-8 degree C temps. |
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Specimen Handling?
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Specimens should be in appropriate containers to avoid contamination, with gloves on and inspected for any leaks and /or contamination on outside of transporting containers.
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Disposal of Waste & Spills--Labeled?
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In biohazard containers and according to disposal guidelines and agency's or employer's rules.
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Quality Control?
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Per CLIA requirements and those of lab, etc. Chemicals or reagents w/Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDSs) should be available to reference.
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Specific types of collected cultures?
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Urine, throat, wound, stool (do not refrigerate-will kill bacteria) and blood.
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What does culturing mean?
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It is a means of isolating a disease-causing microorganism for IDing. Medium i.e. AGAR (a gelatin-like substance) used along w/other nutrients to promote growth.
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What are the bacteria shapes?
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COCCI: round in shape, in clusters, pairs, singles & tetrads. They do not move.
BACILLI: rod-shaped with rounded, straight or pointed ends. Flagella (give movement). Most bacteria are the shape of bacilli. SPIRILLA: spiral-shaped bacteria that have one too many turns-Moving or having the power to move spontaneously: motile spores. |
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Dyes (stains)?
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Coal product that is acidic or basic & give color to microorganism depending on type of test.
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Simple Stain?
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Is a single stain used on a fixed slide for a given period of time.
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Differential stain?
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More complex that simple stain developed by Hans Christian Gram in 1884-to either detect negative or positive results.
REAGENTS: generally crystal violet which is the primary stain. MORDANT: e.g. iodine for instance, holds the purple stain. |
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Wet-mount?
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Method of adding liquid, usually saline or potassium hydrochloride, to specimen on a slide for examining & preservation.
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