Basic Life Processes

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Basic life process

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metabolism
responsiveness
movement
growth
differentiation
reproduction

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Metabolism

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the sum of all the chemical reaction occuring in the body.
Two types: Catabolism and Anabolism

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Catabolism

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breaking down (digestive)

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Anabolism

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building up of a complex compound from a simpler one

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Responsiveness

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body's ability to detect and respond to changes in either the internal or external environment

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Movement

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the motion of the whole body, organs, single cells, and structures inside a cell

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Growth

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an increase in body size, because of increasing in size of the existing cells, the number of them, or both

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Differential

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the development of a cell from an immature state to a mature state: ex. single cell--cell division---neuron

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Reproduction

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the production of new cells or a new individual

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Cranial Cavity

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Formed by cranial bones-contains brain

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Vertebral Canal

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Formed by vertebral column-contains spinal cord and the beginnings of spinal nerves

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Thoracic Cavity

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Chest Cavity-Contains Pleural, Pericardial and Mediastinum Cavity

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Pleural Cavity

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each surrounds a lung-the serous membrane of each pleural cavity is the pleura

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Pericardial Cavity

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Surrounds the heart-The serous membrane of the pericardial cavity is the pericardium

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Mediastinum

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Anatomic region in the central portion of the thoracic cavity between the medial walls of the pleural cavities...Extends from the sternum to vertebral column and from first rib to diaphragm-contains all the structures of the thoracic cavity other than the lungs including for example the heart, thymus, esophagus, traches, and several large blood vessels.

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Abdominopelvic Cavity

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Subdivided into Abdominal and Pelvic Cavity

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Abdominal Cavity

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Contains stomach, spleen, liver, gallbladder, small intestines, and most of large intestines-the serous membrane of the abdominal cavity is peritoneum

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Pelvic Cavity

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Contains urinary bladder, portions of large intestines and internal organs of reproduction

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Homeostasis

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is the balance in the body's internal body environment.
A dynamic Condition
Due to constant interaction of the body's many regulatory processes.

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Body Fluids

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watery solutions containing dissolved chemicals that are found inside cells as well as surrounding them

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Feedback System

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cycle of events that constantly monitor, evaluate, and change the body condition
Three components: receptor, control center, and effector

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Receptor

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monitors changes...send input to a control center

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Control Center

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Evaluates input...produces output order then sends output to effector

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Effector

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Receives output...produces response

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Types of Feedback Systems

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Negative and Positive

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Negative Feedback System

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Reverses the change is a controlled condition...does something to make the change disappear
ex: blood pressure regulation

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Positive Feedback System

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Reinforces the change in a controlled condition...keeps it going until the end result
ex: child birth

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Disease

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a homeostatic imbalance with recognizable signs and symptoms

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Sympton

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subjective change in body function, not apparent to an observer...cannot measure or test

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Sign

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objective change, apparent to clinician...see it, test it, or measure it

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Oxytocin

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hormone release by the brain into the blood causing the muscles in the wall of the uterus (effector) to contract...in child birth

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Atom Level

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first level-smallest unit of matter that participates in chemical reaction. Proton-positive charge. Neutron- negative charge

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Molecule Level

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Second level-Two or more atoms join together. Body mass is 55-60% water

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Cell Level

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Third level-formed by combining molecules. The basic structural and functional unit of an organism

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Tissue Level

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Fourth level-group of cells and their surrounding material that work together to do a particular function..four types..fat tissue acts as a cushin under the skin.

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Epithelial Tissue

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covering surfaces...lining cavities

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Connective Tissue

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Connect

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Muscular Tissue

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for movement

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Nervous Tissue

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Detecting changes

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Organ Level

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Fifth level-formed by joining 2 or more types of tissue together. they have a specific function and a recognizable shape

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System level

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Consists of related organs that work together. Usually has a recognizable shape.

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Organism level

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a living individual

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Systems of Human body

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Integumentary
Skeletal
Muscular
Nervous
Endocrine
Cardiovascular
Digestive
Urinary
Lymphatic
Respiratory
Reproductive

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Integumemtary System organ

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-Consists of hair, nails, glands (sweat and oil)

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The Integumentary System functions

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Functions: Protects body...regulate body...temperature...eliminates wastes...helps make vitamin D...Detects sensation

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The Skeletal System organ

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-Consists of bones and their cartilages.

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The Skeletal System functions

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Functions: Supports and protects body...participates in body movement...produces blood cells...stores mineral (calcium), energy and lipids (fats)

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The Muscular System organ

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-Consists of Muscles (more than 600)

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The Muscular System functions

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Functions: body movement...stabilizes body position...generates heat

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The Nervous System organs

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-Consists of brain, spinal cord, nerves

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The Nervous System functions

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Functions: Detects, interprets, and respondes to internal and external changes...communicats through different body parts

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The Endocrine System organ

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-Consists of Hormone-producing glands (pineal, hypothalamus, pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, pancreas, ovaries, testes.

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The Endocrine System functions

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Function: regulates body activites by releasing hormones

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The Cardiovascular System organ

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-Consists of heart, blood, and blood vessels

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The Cardiovascular System functions

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Functions: transport substance...regulate temperature...regulates compositions of body fluid...defends against disease.

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The Digestive System organ

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-Contains organs of gastrointestinal tract, mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small and large intestines, anus, salivary glands, liver, gall bladder and pancreas.

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The Digestive System functions

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Functions: processe of food...absorbs nutrients...eliminates solid wastes.

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The Urinary System functions

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Function: produces stores and eliminates urine...eliminates wastes...regulates the chemical composition of blood...maintains the acid-base balance...regulates production of red blood cells (RBC)

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The Urinary System organs

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-Contains kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra

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The Lymphatic System functions

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Functions: circulates lymph...defends the body against te foreign invaders

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The Lymphatic Sysytem organ

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-Contains lymphatic fluid, lymph nodes (contain white blood cells), spleen, thymus, tonsils

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The Respiratory System organs

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-Consists of lungs and air passageways (nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, and bronchial tubes.

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The Respiratory System functions

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Functions: exchange gasses between air and blood...regulates acid-base balance...produces sound

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The Reproductive System in Male organs

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Consists of testes, penis, prostate, various duct

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The Reproductive System in Male functions

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Functions: Produces, stores, and eliminates sperm...testes secrets male sex hormone (testosterone)

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The Reproductive System in Female organs

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consists of ovaries, uterus, vagina, fallopian tubes, brests (mammary glands)

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The Reproductive System in Female functions

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Function: produces and releases egg cells
Ovaries secrets female sex hormones
Uterus house fetus
Breasts secret milk