Basic Concepts Of Pediatric Nursing

Front 1

What are the trends in Child health?

Back 1

health promotion, child health insurance, disparities, nutrition, obesity, type 2 diabetes, childhood injuries, substance abuse, mental health problems

Front 2

Health promotion for children

Back 2

immunizations, nutrition, dental health, accident prevention, smoking, inhalants, ETOH, sexual behavior

Front 3

Child health insurance

Back 3

CHIP, Medicaid, WIC

Front 4

Nutrition in children

Back 4

essential component for healthy growth and development and its promotion begins at birth, young children establish eating habits first 2-3 yrs of life, unhealthy diets common among lower income families

Front 5

Dental care

Back 5

nursing plays an essential role in promoting early tooth care by instructing children and parents of practicing dental hygiene beginning with first tooth eruption, drinking fluoridated water, and instituting early dental prev care

Front 6

Obesity and Type 2 diabetes

Back 6

obesity in children >95th percentile for youth of same age and gender, increase in sedentary lifestyle, intake of high-caloric, fatty foods, lask of outside physical activity

Front 7

Most common cause of death in children older that 1 year of age

Back 7

Motor vehicle-related accidents

Front 8

The most common types of unintentional injuries are:

Back 8

MVA, drowining, burns, and firearm accidents

Front 9

3 directional trends of growth and development

Back 9

cephalocaudal-head to tail (head develops first, structural control of head first), proximodistal-midline to peripheral, differentiation-development from simple operation to more complex activities and functions

Front 10

Sequential trends

Back 10

predictable sequence of growth and development. Ex: crawling before creeping, creeping before standing, standing before walking

Front 11

Developmental pace

Back 11

development has a fixed, precise order, it does not progress at the same rate or pace, not all areas develop at the same pace

Front 12

Sensitive periods

Back 12

1st trimester of prenatal life, 1st year for primary socialization

Front 13

What are the nursing implications for all age groups?

Back 13

establish therapeutic relationship with patient and family, family advocacy and caring, disease prevention and health promotion, health teaching, support and counseling, coordination and counseling, ethical decision making and research

Front 14

What are some guidelines for physically assessing the child?

Back 14

perform exam in an appropriate, nonthreatening area, provide time for play, observe behaviors that signal child's readiness to cooperate, begin exam in nonthreatening manner for young children, involve child in examination process, examine child in a comfortable and secure posistion, praise child for cooperation during examination

Front 15

When doing a psychosocial assessment on a child, what do you want to observe?

Back 15

Observe the parent-child relationship

Front 16

Sensorimotor development in function of play

Back 16

a major component of play at all ages, predominant form of play in infancy, children explore the nature of the physical world

Front 17

Intellectual development in function of play

Back 17

through exploration and manipulation children learn colors, shapes, textures and significance of objects, learn significance of numbers and how to use them, associate words with objects, play provides a means to practice and expand language skills

Front 18

Creativity in function of play

Back 18

in no other situation is there more opportunity to be creative than in play, experiment and try out new ideas in play, primarily a product of solitary activity yet creative thinking is often enhanced in group settings

Front 19

Self-awareness in function of play

Back 19

develop idea of who they are and their place in the world.

Front 20

Therapeutic value in function of play

Back 20

therapeutic at any age, children can express emotions and release unacceptable impulses, children are able to communicate their fears, needs and desires through play

Front 21

Moral value in function of play

Back 21

interaction with peers during play contributes to their moral training, children adhere to accepted codes of behavior such as fairness, honesty, self-control, consideration for others

Front 22

The most common and easiest method of assessing daily intake:

Back 22

24-hour recall

Front 23

What to assess when the infant is breastfeeding/bottle feeding?

Back 23

Breastfeeding: how often, how long, weight of infant, any other extra fluids, any extra foods, spitting up
Bottle feeding: how long, how much, how often, what brand, any extra fluids, if they take a bottle at naps or bedtimes, any foods, spitting up

Front 24

When should solid foods be introduced to an infant?

Back 24

4-6 months of age

Front 25

Weaning

Back 25

weaning should be gradual, replacing one bottle-feeding or breastfeeding at a time, weaning should be accomplished with the infant's need as a guide

Front 26

What are some safety issues with infants and children?

Back 26

aspiration of foreign objects, suffocation, motor vehicle injuries, falls, poisoning, burns, drowning and bodily damage

Front 27

Nurse's role in caring for children and families of different cultures and ethnicities

Back 27

respect cultural differences, self-examination, be knowledgeable, adapt ethnic practices, communicate

Front 28

Method of communication for infants

Back 28

use and understand nonverbal communication, such as cooing and smiling when content and crying when distressed

Front 29

Method of communication in early childhood

Back 29

children younger than 5 are egocentric, focus communication on them, allow them to touch and examine articles that will be used, toddlers are able to effectively communicate with their hands, direct and concrete

Front 30

Method of communication in school-age years

Back 30

want explanations and reasons but require nothing beyond that, they want to know why and how, simple explanations

Front 31

Method of communication in adolescence

Back 31

frequently more willing to discuss their concerns with an adult outside the family, accepting of anyone who displays a genuine interest in them, confidentiality is important

Front 32

How much sleep does a child usually need in the first 2 years?

Back 32

12 hours

Front 33

When should a child be seen by a dentist?

Back 33

12 months or when the first tooth erupts

Front 34

Immunizations

Back 34

primary schedule begins in infancy and with exception of boosters, completed during early childhood

Front 35

Techniques of safe medication administration

Back 35

oral, IM (small length, small guage), subcutaneous/intradermal, IV(microtubing, filter)

Front 36

After 18 months, IM injections should be given where?

Back 36

deltoid

Front 37

With IVs, why must a nurse constantly observe the patient?

Back 37

The patient can go into fluid overload very quickly

Front 38

Nonpharmacologic pain management

Back 38

distraction, relaxation, guided imagery, positive self-talk, thought stopping, behavorial contracting

Front 39

pharmacologic pain management

Back 39

titrate pain meds, start low,

Front 40

What is a nuclear family?

Back 40

male and female partners and their children

Front 41

Reconstituted or blended family

Back 41

consiste of unrelated family members who join together and create a new household

Front 42

Extended family

Back 42

other relatives living in the home

Front 43

Single parent family

Back 43

comprise of an unmarried biologic or adoptive parent who may or may not live with other adults

Front 44

alternative families

Back 44

cohabitation, homosexual families

Front 45

Purpose in caring for children

Back 45

provide a safe environment, nurture the children, socialization, problem solving

Front 46

Implications in caring for children

Back 46

learn by what they live, identify strengths, facilitate growth

Front 47

Separation anxiety is prominent when?

Back 47

6-30 months

Front 48

What are some responses of the hospitalized child and their family

Back 48

child: separation anxiety, loss of control
family: altered family roles, parental reactions, sibling reactions

Front 49

planning care for children during preoperativ phase of surgery

Back 49

establish trust, parental presence, age appropriate explanations, films, books, brochures, tours, effectively communicate with family

Front 50

Planning care for children during postoperative phase of surgery

Back 50

pain management, monitor O2, maintain temp, F&E balance, encourage expression of feelings, positive reinforcement