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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
clergy
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The leaders or officials of a religion.
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divination
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The practice of using ritual to predict the future.
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laity
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The ordinary people who practice a religion.
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medium
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An individual who can predict the future by communication with the spirits.
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ordination
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A formal ceremony held to initiate a person into the clergy
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priest
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A professional religious leader who performs religious rituals.
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prophet
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A messenger of a deity.
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psychic
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A person who possesses the ability to predict the future or contact the dead.
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shaman
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A person who serves as an intermediary between the community and the sacred; common in primal religions.
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moral codes
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Rules that govern behavior to help people distinguish between right and wrong behavior.
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morals
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Principles about what is right and what is wrong.
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morality
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A set of codes or laws that are intended to guide behavior in accordance with the sacred.
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secular
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Ordinary; nonreligious.
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tradition
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The sacred stories, beliefs, and practices of a religion.
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apocalyptic
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Term describing belief in the end of time and the Day of Judgement.
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cyclical time
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The model in which time is repetitive and, like a circle, has no beginning or end.
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Day of Judgment
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The end of time in many Western religions; the day on which practitioners of these religions hope to be rewarded by God.
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eschatology
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Beliefs about and the study of the end time.
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linear time
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The model in which time has a beginning and na end and moves in a straight line.
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Primal Religion
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The beliefs and practices of the indigenous people around the world.
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reincarnation
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The belief that, after we die, our souls are reborn into new bodies.
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academic study of religion
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The scientific study of religion; this method stresses either the historical or the descriptive approach and does not attempt to convince people that one religion is correct.
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anthropology
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The study of cultures.
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archaeology
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A branch of science that studies the remains of earlier civilizations.
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comparative religions
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The examination of religious phenomena as expressions of cross-cultural religious patterns and types.
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descriptive approach
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A method of religious study that borrows heavily from anthropology, focusing on description and seeking to document the unique beliefs and practices of each religion.
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historical approach
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The method of religious study that examines a religion from its beginning to its end or the present day.
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phenomenological approach
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Another name for the descriptive approach to the study of religion.
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scientific study of religion
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The method of religious study similar to the neutral perspective scientists take when examining the world.
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sociology
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The study of society.
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thick description
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The investigation of behavior that also attempts to explain its meanings.
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theological approach
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The method of religious study that stresses theology, looking at the faith and practices of a religious community and finding evidence of the sacred.
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ancestor veneration
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The worship of deceased family members.
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animistic theory
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Theory put forth by Edward Burnett Tylor proposing that religion developed from the belief that the world is alive with spirits.
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magic theory
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Theory developed by James Frazer stating that religion began with magic.
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materialistic theory
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Theory stating that humans believe material possessions and comforts are more important than religion.
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nature worship theory
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Theory developed by Max Muller proposing that religion arose from ancient peoples' tendency to personify nature and create myths to describe the deities of nature.
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original monotheism
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Theory proposed by Wilhelm Schmidt stating the most primal peoples worshiped a single high god; thus, monotheism was the original religion, and polytheism emerged much later.
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psychological theory
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Theory that views religion as a human phenomenon and argues that the supernatural world does not exist.
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sociological theory
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Theory developed by Emile Durkheim proposing that societies were more important in forming religions than religious leaders; religion was originally a celebration of the tribe created to bring people together.
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