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16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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4 Major organs with role in metabolism |
Liver Adipose Muscle Brain |
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Communication for integration of energy metabolism between tissues is mediated by |
-Availability of circulating substrates -Nervous system -Variation in levels of hormones |
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Primary hormones: |
Insulin Glucagon |
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Secondary hormones |
Epinephrine Norepinephrine |
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Changes in hormones levels allow |
Store E when food available Make stored E available when not |
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Insulin and glucagon are _ produced in _ |
Proteins Pancreas |
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Exocrine pancreas is _ part of pancreas. Is formed by _ cells (involved in secretion of _ into the _) |
Large part acinar cells digestive enzymes duodenum |
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Ductal cells: tubular network connects _ cells with _ |
acinar cells with gut tube |
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Endocrine pancreas: formed by _. Responsible for _. Is _ part of pancreas mass. |
Islets of Langerhans Hormone secretion Small part |
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Insulin is made by _ of the _. Glucagon made by _ of the _. |
Beta cells of Islets of Langerhans Alpha cells of islets of Langerhans. |
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Islets of Langerhans are made of 4 major cell types: -___makes/secretes glucagon -___makes/secretes insulin -___makes/secretes somatostatin -___makes/secretes pan polypeptides |
-alpha cells (15-20%) -beta cells (60-80%) -delta cells -F cells |
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Mature insulin structure is: |
-51 Aa -2 chains (A and B) -2 disulfide bridges -A chain has an intra-molex disulfide bridge |
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Steps of formation of mature insulin: -Preprohormone called ___ is made |
preproinsulin |
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Next, preprohormones are cleaved to make ___ called ____. (___ seq is removed from protein. Protein folding and ___ forms) |
prohormone called proinsulin N-terminal seq removed, disulfide bridge forms. |
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Prohormones cleaved again to make __ (active hormone). __ is removed (doesn't have signaling effects of insulin) |
Mature insulin Connecting peptide (C-peptide) removed. NOTE: preproinsulin and proinsulin CANNOT FNCN AS HORMONES |
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ghfh |
jh |
