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78 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What are the antibacterial substances in oral secretions that contribute to innate immunity?
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Lysozyme and Lactoferrin
(also low pH of the stomach for that region) |
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What is the most important component in the innate immunity realm according to Dr. Weinberg?
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Alternate Complement Pathway
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Where are TLRs located?
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Found on all cells, especially epithelial cells
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What are some PAMPs that TLRs recognize?
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1. LPS
2. Peptidoglycan 3. Lipoteichoic acid 4. Flagella 5. Mannans 6. Bacterial DNA 7. Glucans |
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What TLR recognizes peptidoglycan and lipoprotein?
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TLR-2
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What TLR recognizes LPS?
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TLR-4
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What TLR recognizes bacterial DNA?
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TLR-9
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What TLR recognizes Bacterial Flagella?
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TLR-5
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What does the transcription factor NF-kB do?
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NF-kB activates genes for inflammation reaction
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Does TLR-2 work alone?
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No it dimerizes with TLR-1 or TLR-6
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What happens when TLR-2 binds to its ligand?
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Activates pathway leading to NK-kB
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How is NF-kB activated?
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a) TLR-2 binds its ligand
b) I-kB binds to NF-kB constantly in the cytoplasm c) I-kB kinase cleaves off I-kB d) NF-kB is activated and enters the nucleus to act as a transcription factor. |
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What is only associated with epithelial cells, protects against candida albicans, is expressed in macrophages and lymphocytes?
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Dectin-1
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What type of cells in Dectin-1 only associated with?
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Epithelial cells
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What is this sequence for?
1. Infection 2. Recognition by preformed, nonspecific effectors 3. Removal of infectious agent |
Innate immunity
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What is this sequence for?
1. Infection 2. Recognition of microbial-associated molecular patterns 3. Inflammation recruitment and activation of effector cells 4. Removal of infectious agent |
Early Induced response
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What is this sequence for?
1) Infection 2) Transport of antigen to lymphoid organs 3) Recognition by naive B and T cells 4) Clonal expansion and differentiation to effector cells 5) Removal of infectious agent |
Adaptive Immune Response
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Where is a natural gradient of IL-8 located in the body?
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The oral cavity
Anywhere else would be considered a sign of infection but this chemokine is normal here |
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What are dendritic cells in the oral cavity called?
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Langerhans cells
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What is the bacteria in your saliva that is the Good Guy, which antagonizes the bad guys like A.A.?
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Streptococcus Sanguis
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T/F
Streptococcus Mutans has bacteriocin that can kill AA |
True
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What does EAP stand for?
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Epithelial Antimicrobial Peptide
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What has the ability to cross talk with cells in the adaptive immunity system, can cause chemo-attraction activating APCs, and can activate Langerhans cells bringing in lymphocytes?
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EAPs
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What are the different layers in the oral mucosal strategy?
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1. Fluid phase defense
2. Static phase defense 3. Recruitable defense |
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What has antiviral, antifungal, and antibacterial properties in saliva?
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Defensins
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What salivary factor binds bacteria, neutralizes and inactivates viral particles?
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Antibodies
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What salivary factor performs general antimicrobial activity and inhibit cysteine proteases
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Cystatins
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What salivary factor performs general antimicrobial activityl carry out charge mediated disruption of bacterial membranes?
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Defensins
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What salivary factor serves as an antifungal?
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Histatins
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What salivary factor binds iron to inhibit bacterial growth?
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Lactoferrin
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What salivary factor lyses bacteria?
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Lysozyme
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What salivary factor entraps and aggregates microbial particles?
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Mucins
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What salivary factor Binds bacteria?
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Proline Rich Peptides and Statherin
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What oral organisms need iron to survive?
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Porphyromonas gingivalis
Lactoferrin binds iron needed by PG |
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What salivary factor is very important against candidias?
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Histatins
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What salivary factor causes transglycolization (cleavage) of the peptidoglycan cytoskeleton of the organism (NAM-NAG)
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Lysozyme
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What salivary factor is anionic (can bind to cationic agents), can carry stuff electrostatically and bring these agents to the site better than if it wasn't there?
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Mucins
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What are mucins made up of?
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Made up of Glycoproteins
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What gives the mucin molecule its net negative charge?
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Sialic Acid
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What protects the underlying mucosa and tooth surfaces from chemical and physical harm and is important in formation of biofilm?
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Mucins
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What mucin comes from mucous acini?
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MG1
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What mucin comes from serous acinar cells?
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MG2
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Which mucin type plays a major role in pellicle formation?
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MG1
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Which mucin is often thought to be more important in bacterial clearance?
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MG2
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Where is MG1 and MG2 located in the pellicle?
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MG2 covers outer layers
MG1 is more inside Paper is wrong |
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Why is pellicle formation so important?
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Colonization of first line of bacteria --- the good guys
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Which mucin prevents bacterial colonization of the pellicle coated tooth by presenting identical surface carbohydrates in the fluid phase?
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MG2
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Which mucin acts as a decoy for bacterial colonization?
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MG2
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What cleaves beta-1,4 linkages between NAM-NAG in bacterial wall peptidoglycan?
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Lysozyme
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Where does lysozyme come from?
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Myeloid cells (neutrophils) and glandular epithelium
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How do lysozymes affect invaders?
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It is a cationic protein that binds to anionicly charged membranes then defensins create holes in the membrane. Cleaves beta-1,4 link in NAM-NAG in bacterial cell wall peptidoglycan
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What blocks growth of iron dependent organisms like candida albicans and PG?
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Lactoferrin
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What serous secretion in the mouth catalyzes the reduction of hydrogen peroxides to water and hypothiocyanite?
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Salivary peroxidases
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Why don't we get ulceration of the gingiva?
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because of salivary peroxidases
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What is the most important antifungal agent in saliva?
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Histatins
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Why does Denture Stomatitis occur?
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Dentures cover palate and prevent access of parotid saliva, which contains Histatins.
Basically histatins can't get to the fungus |
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How does Statherin in saliva affect invaders?
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Like PRPs it maintains salivary calcium phosphate in a supersaturates state
INVOLVED IN MICROBIAL ATTACHMENT (like anchoring proteins found in the pellicle that bacteria know to bind to) |
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What are two components of serous saliva that are important in dictating microbial attachment to the acquired pellicle?
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Proline-rich proteins and Statherin
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Why does strep sauga not bind in solution, but it will bind to teeth (pleomorphism)?
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PRPs and Statherin are important in microbial attachment
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What are the components of Serous secretions that contribute to adaptive immunity?
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Secretory IgA
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What are the components of Serous secretions that contribute to innate immunity?
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Lysozyme
Histatins Salivary Peroxidase Lactoferrin Cystatins PRPs Calprotectin |
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What are the major anchoring proteins in the pellicle for the early colonizers?
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Statherin and PRPs
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Everything that is directly attached to the pellicle is a ______________.
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Streptococcus organism
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What is the primary organism that attaches to the pellicle?
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S. Sanguis
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T/F
F. Nucleatum is pathogenic |
False
He is a good guy who can bind tissue and teeth. He has the moost receptors and adhesions of any organism known. |
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What is the bridging organism between the early and late colonizers?
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F. Nucleatum
(note that it is right in the middle) |
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Are the late colonizers good guys or bad guys?
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BAD GUYS
(AA and PG) |
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What organism is the host of enzymes that can break down the periodontium?
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P gingivalis
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What is the most important enzyme that p. gingivalis releases?
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gingipain a cysteine protease that can break down tissue very well
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Which organism leads to adult periodontitis?
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p. gingivalis
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Which organism leads to Juvenile Periodontitis?
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Actinomycetemcomitans Serotype B (kills WBCs)
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What part of the saliva is an inhibitor of cysteine proteinases?
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Cystatins (come from myeloid cells)
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Why does Cystatin C increase in saliva from periodontitis and gingivitis cases?
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Because there are more myeloid cells when these are occurring
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What very important microbial-derived cysteine proteinases do Cystatins neutralize?
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Gingipain (from p. gingivalis)
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Why is the mouth so healthy in spite of constant trauma occurring in a very septic environment?
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Maginin - an alpha helical protein that protects the site from the surrounding bacteria (found in frogs)
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Which hBD is constituatively expressed in all tisses?
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hBD-1
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T/F
FN can and will stimulate hBD-2 and PG cannot |
T
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What are the Cytien bonds in all defensins?
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1-5 2-4 3-6
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